Relationships Between the Four Temperament Types: Sanguine, Choleric, Phlegmatic, and Melancholic, and Leisure Time Physical Activities

Problem The physical health of a person seems to be an important issue in today\u27s society. It would seem reasonable to hypothesize that the temperament of an individual may be a predisposing factor toward or against participation on a regular exercise program. It was the purpose of this study to determine what relationship exists between a person\u27s temperament type and the amount of leisure time physical activity he or she performs. Method One-hundred and ninety-three college students participated in this study. The Temperament Inventory was used to determine a person\u27s score on each of the four temperament types. The Minnesota Leisure Time Activity Questionnaire was used to determine a person\u27s AMI (Activity Metabolic Index) score. Stepwise multiple regression was used to analyze the influence of the sex of an individual and the four temperament types on the AMI score. Results Statistically significant results were found for sex and for the sanguine temperament, at the .01 level. Sex accounted for approximately 4.5 percent of the variance, and sanguine accounted for a little over 1 percent of the variance; together they explained approximately 6 percent of the variance. Conclusions The sex of an individual and the sanguine temperament were found to have a significant relationship to leisure-time physical activity, as measured by the Minnesota Leisure Time Activity Questionnaire. However while these were found to be statistically significant in this study, it is of little practical value in explaining the variance of the AMI scores

Categories of Success Endorsed among Religiously Identified Seventh-day Adventist Students

The focus of this study was to explore students\u27 perceptions of success and how those perceptions may differ by sex, age, and education. Using Jensen and Towle\u27s criteria (1991), 165 subjects qualified as religious out of the 247 respondents assessed. Given different theological emphases, it was hypothesized that this predominantly Seventh-day Adventist sample would perceive success differently than Jensen and Towle\u27s sample and that there would be sex differences in religiosity which may interact with age, education, and self-reported grades. There were some sex differences in endorsement of success categories, which decreased as amount of education increased. A comparison between this predominantly Seventh-day Adventist group and Jensen and Towle\u27s predominantly Latter-day Saint group indicates that there may be various value systems regarding success among religious denominations

The Sound of the Dentist\u27s Drill and Students\u27 Anxiety Scores.

In a sample of 42 college students, a positive correlation of .51 with sound and .56 without sound was found between EMG scores and their total Dental Anxiety Scale scores for those who did and did not hear the drill

The Relationship Between Gender and Heterosexual Attitudes Toward Homosexuality at a Conservative Christian University

This research looked at the relationships and differences between sex and race as it relates to religious fundamentalism, attitudes, and comfortability toward homosexuality. Patterns in previous research have shown that men and women do differ in their attitudes toward homosexuals. This study proposed that heterosexual men will show a significantly more negative attitude toward homosexuality than women. A strong relationship was found between religious fundamentalism and negative attitudes toward homosexuality (r = .67). Both heterosexual men and women were more comfortable with heterosexual situations than homosexual situations. However, men were more comfortable with lesbian situations and women were more comfortable with gay situations. Concerning race, Black men versus Black women had more significant differences in various proposed situations than White men versus White women

Religious Fundamentalism and Gender Differences

The role of religious fundamentalism and its relationship to shame and guilt was evaluated in 107 students who attend a church-sponsored university. A number of personality measures were given and gender differences were analyzed. The role of externalization was similar for males in this sample to that of earlier studies. However, it was found that females showed positive correlations between externalization and both shame and guilt. For females, more fundamentalistic religious training may help to contribute to an external orientation at the expense of identifying with a personal religion, and appropriate guilt. © 2001 Human Sciences Press, Inc

Sex and Generational Differences in Desired Characteristics in Mate Selection

This study compared the ranking of 18 personal characteristics or qualities which college students might use in selecting a future mate and builds on six other assessment periods from 1939-1996 which dealt with this issue. Among the most consistent findings for all seven assessment periods is the high value both sexes place on dependable character, emotional stability/maturity, pleasing disposition, and mutual attraction/love. Men across all assessment periods placed a higher value than women on good health, good cook/housekeeper, and good looks, while women placed a higher value on ambitious/industrious, similar educational background, and good financial prospect. These trends could go along with ethological theory. For both sexes chastity and similar religious background gained value; however, this may be an artifact of the current sample of 100 students. © Psychological Reports 2005

Religious Orientation and Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors

Religion is one of the major forces of control over sexuality, and many studies have observed an inverse relationship between religiosity and sexual permissiveness. The Religious Orientation Scale has been used to study the relationship between religious orientation and sexuality. It has been found that those with intrinsic views are more conservative in their sexual values while those who are extrinsic have more liberal views. The purpose of this study was to use the Religious Life Inventory, an instrument that also has a quest orientation, to evaluate the relationship between religious orientation and various premarital sexual activities and attitudes within a sample of conservative religious students. Inverse correlations were found for those with internal and external scores, while weak but positive correlations were found for those with quest scores. These findings suggest that those with a more open-minded position on religion may have the same open-minded position on sexuality. © Taylor & Francis Group