Aquatic vascular plants of New England, Station Bulletin, no.524

The Bulletin is a publication of the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire

Aquatic vascular plants of New England, Station Bulletin, no.517

The Bulletin is a publication of the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire

Aquatic vascular plants of New England, Station Bulletin, no.520

The Bulletin is a publication of the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire

Aquatic vascular plants of New England, Station Bulletin, no.528

The Bulletin is a publication of the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire

Aquatic vascular plants of New England, Station Bulletin, no.520

The Bulletin is a publication of the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire

Aquatic vascular plants of New England, Station Bulletin, no.524

The Bulletin is a publication of the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire

Aquatic vascular plants of New England, Station Bulletin, no.527

The Bulletin is a publication of the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire

Aquatic vascular plants of New England, Station Bulletin, no.523

The Bulletin is a publication of the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire

Modelling the overdiagnosis of breast cancer due to mammography screening in women aged 40 to 49 in the United Kingdom

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, andreproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Dysplasia of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract Squamous Epithelium

Dysplasia of the oral, laryngeal and oropharyngeal stratified squamous epithelia is a microscopically defined change that may occur in clinically identifiable lesions including erythroplakia, leukoplakia and erythroleukoplakia, lesions that convey a heightened risk for carcinomatous progression. Dysplastic lesions have been classified microscopically according to degree of cytologic atypia and changes in architectural patterns, usually on a three part or four part gradation scale. Vocal cord epithelial lesions are graded according to either the Ljubljana or the World Health Organization (WHO) system whereas oral dysplasias are generally classified according to WHO criteria. Cytologically atypical cells are considered to represent precancerous changes predicting an increase risk for carcinomatous transformation. Inter- and intra-rater reliability studies among pathologists have disclosed low correlation coefficients for four part grading systems, whereas improved agreement is achieved (kappa correlation values) using the Ljubljana systems. Evidence forwarded by some studies supports the prognostic value of progressively severe dysplastic changes for carcinomatous transformation; however, some studies indicate that the presence of a clinically defined lesion without microscopic evidence of dysplasia also connotes increased risk for carcinomatous transformation. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 3p and 9p microsatellite domains, DNA ploidy analysis and nuclear image analyses may have predictive value as molecular and histomorphological biomarkers