Reforming Custody Laws: A Comparative Study

This article looks at the outcomes of recent custody law reform inquiries in Canada and Australia, and examines the ways in which the reform processes in each country dealt with the claims of the various stakeholders and the emerging empirical research on post-separation parenting. Although the outcomes of the two processes were significantly different - one espousing a belief that \u27no one size fits all families\u27, the other promoting different approaches for differently situated families with a preference for shared parenting - it is argued that both reflect the moderating influence of the empirical evidence on the claims made by disaffected consumers of the family law system, a characteristic that distinguishes them from Australia\u27s 1995 custody reform process

The Iowa Homemaker vol.11, no.1

On a Milan Church Wall By Edna Rhoades A. A. Dame Fashion to the Front By Helen Penrose Please Ma – Lemme Have a Dog By Prudence Tomlinson If Today is Wash Day By Thelma Carlso

The Iowa Homemaker vol.10, no.2

Coeds of the Naughty Ninties by Mary Morrison Beyer, page 1 Color in the Garden by Edna Rhoades, page 2 The Tragedy of Errors by Marjorie W. Smith, page 3 Where Toothbrushes Grow on Trees by Nellie Goethe, page 3 Architectural Features in Small Gardens by Margaret Jane Walker, page 4 Y. W. C. A.’s Fortieth Birthday by Ila Woodburn, page 5 4-H Club by Helen Melton, page 6 State Association by Marcia E. Turner, page 8 Child Health May Day by Anafred Stephenson, page 10 Editorial, page 11 Alumnae News by Dorothy B. Anderson, page 12 Tid Bits for Home Economics by Edith Roberts and Nellie Goethe, page 1

Mycobacterial trehalose dimycolate reprograms macrophage global gene expression and activates matrix metalloproteinases.

Trehalose 6,6′-dimycolate (TDM) is a cell wall glycolipid and an important virulence factor of mycobacteria. In order to study the role of TDM in the innate immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, microarray analysis was used to examine gene regulation in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages in response to 90-μm-diameter polystyrene microspheres coated with TDM. A large number of genes, particularly those involved in the immune response and macrophage function, were up- or downregulated in response to these TDM-coated beads compared to control beads. Genes involved in the immune response were specifically upregulated in a myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)-dependent manner. The complexity of the transcriptional response also increased greatly between 2 and 24 h. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were significantly upregulated at both time points, and this was confirmed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Using an in vivo Matrigel granuloma model, the presence and activity of MMP-9 were examined by immunohistochemistry and in situ zymography (ISZ), respectively. We found that TDM-coated beads induced MMP-9 expression and activity in Matrigel granulomas. Macrophages were primarily responsible for MMP-9 expression, as granulomas from neutrophil-depleted mice showed staining patterns similar to that for wild-type mice. The relevance of these observations to human disease is supported by the similar induction of MMP-9 in human caseous tuberculosis (TB) granulomas. Given that MMPs likely play an important role in both the construction and breakdown of tuberculous granulomas, our results suggest that TDM may drive MMP expression during TB pathogenesis

Healthy Nebraska: Advancing Human Health and Developing Healthy Communities

Healthy Nebraska: Advancing Human Health and Developing Healthy Communities Every day, the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources (IANR) is putting together a wickedly complex puzzle, in which each faculty member, researcher, Extension educator, student, staff member, partner and stakeholder is a vitally important piece. As the pieces come together, we see a picture of the world in which IANR is making a meaningful difference in sustainable food, fuel, feed, and fiber production

Like gold dust these days’: domestic violence fact-finding hearings in child contact cases

Fact-finding hearings may be held to determine disputed allegations of domestic violence in child contact cases in England and Wales, and can play a vital role for mothers seeking protection and autonomy from violent fathers. Drawing on the author’s empirical study, this article examines the implications for the holding of fact-finding hearings of judges’ and professionals’ understandings of domestic violence and the extent to which they perceive it to be relevant to contact. While more judges and professionals are developing their understanding of domestic violence, the ambit of when and how it is considered relevant to contact has grown increasingly narrow, which suggests that many disputed allegations of domestic violence are disregarded and women and children continue to be put at risk from violent fathers. This bifurcated approach is likely to have significant implications for recent developments in this area of family law which are considered in this article

Reforming Custody Laws: A Comparative Study

This article looks at the outcomes of recent custody law reform inquiries in Canada and Australia, and examines the ways in which the reform processes in each country dealt with the claims of the various stakeholders and the emerging empirical research on post-separation parenting. Although the outcomes of the two processes were significantly different - one espousing a belief that \u27no one size fits all families\u27, the other promoting different approaches for differently situated families with a preference for shared parenting - it is argued that both reflect the moderating influence of the empirical evidence on the claims made by disaffected consumers of the family law system, a characteristic that distinguishes them from Australia\u27s 1995 custody reform process

Recognition of violence in the Australian family law system: A long journey

This article situates the recent reform recommendations and proposed legislative amendments regarding family violence within their historical context. Using archival materials and interview data collected for a project about the early Family Court, the authors explore the idea that the way in which Australia’s family law system was originally conceived has continued to shape its practices and responses to the issue of family violence, and consider whether the Federal Government’s Family Violence Bill will make a difference