A study of the emotional background of thirty-six children who were referred to the Habit Clinic for child guidance because of poor adjustments in school

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University, 1948. This item was digitized by the Internet Archive

Studies of Photoprotection Against Porphyrin Photosensitization Using Dithiothreitol and Glycerol

Although protection against ionizing radiation by compounds containing sulfhydryl (SN) groups, such as cysteine, has been reported, these agents have been unsuccessful to date in protecting mammals against non-ionizing radiation (>200nm). This study describes successful photoprotection by dithiothreitol (DTT) and glycerol against porphyrin photosensitization having an action spectrum of 400nm. Test models used were red blood cells (RBC) obtained from patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) and mice photo-sensitized by hematoporphyrin (HP). A mortality rate approaching a lethal dose in 50% of the animals in 1 day (LD50/24 hrs) was established in 100 white mice that had received an intraperitoneal injection of 100mg HP/kg body wt., and were then irradiated with 5 × 106 ergs/cm2 from a fluorescent light source emitting 320-450nm radiation. Another 100 mice were treated in an identical manner except that they received, in addition to HP, 80mg DTT/kg body weight in a 5.5% glycerol solution. This group showed 75% reduction in mortality (p < 0.03). No lethal effects were observed in animals treated with DTT and glycerol or HP in the above concentrations without 400nm irradiation. RBC obtained from patients with EPP and exposed to 107 ergs/mm2 of 400nm radiation showed 100% hemolysis after 180min. These cells, when irradiated under identical conditions except for the addition of DTT, manifested only 19% hemolysis during this period of time. Measurements of SH groups of RBC from patients with EPP showed a progressive decrease during photohemolysis. Comparison of the rate of photohemolysis of normal and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient RBC irradiated in the presence of protoporphyrin IX revealed that G6PD deficient RBC, which have an impaired ability to produce reduced glutathione (GSH), were more susceptible to porphyrin-induced photohemolysis. These studies demonstrate that DTT and glycerol offer photoprotection in an in vivo mammalian system against porphyrin photosensitization. It is suggested that the mechanism of the photoprotective action against 320-450nm radiation has many features similar to that of radioprotection by thiols and glycerol against ionizing radiation

A model for the effects of germanium on silica biomineralization in choanoflagellates.

Silica biomineralization is a widespread phenomenon of major biotechnological interest. Modifying biosilica with substances like germanium (Ge) can confer useful new properties, although exposure to high levels of Ge disrupts normal biosilicification. No clear mechanism explains why this disruption occurs. Here, we study the effect of Ge on loricate choanoflagellates, a group of protists that construct a species-specific extracellular lorica from multiple siliceous costal strips. High Ge exposures were toxic, whereas lower Ge exposures produced cells with incomplete or absent loricae. These effects can be ameliorated by restoring the germanium : silicon ratio, as observed in other biosilicifying organisms. We developed simulations of how Ge interacts with polymerizing silica. In our models, Ge is readily incorporated at the ends of silica forming from silicic acid condensation, but this prevents further silica polymerization. Our 'Ge-capping' model is supported by observations from loricate choanoflagellates. Ge exposure terminates costal strip synthesis and lorica formation, resulting in disruption to cytokinesis and fatal build-up of silicic acid. Applying the Ge-capping model to other siliceous organisms explains the general toxicity of Ge and identifies potential protective responses in metalloid uptake and sensing. This can improve the design of new silica biomaterials, and further our understanding of silicon metabolism.Higher Education Funding Council for England (Strategic Research Infrastructure Funding), Science and Technology Facilities Council, European Research Council (Advanced Investigator Grant ID: 247333), Wellcome Trust (Senior Investigator Award), Medical Research Council (Grant ID: U105960399, MRC-HNR Career Development Fellowship), European Research Council (Starting Grant ID: 282101 under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013))This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Royal Society Publishing via http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.048

Proactive monitoring of pediatric hemodialysis vascular access: Effects of ultrasound dilution on thrombosis rates

Proactive monitoring of pediatric hemodialysis vascular access: Effects of ultrasound dilution on thrombosis rates.BackgroundHemodialysis vascular access thrombosis (VAT) is a significant cause of morbidity for hemodialysis patients and results, in part, from decreased access flow potentially caused by venous outflow stenosis. We have previously shown ultrasound dilution (UD) to be a practical and reliable predictor of venous outflow in children receiving hemodialysis.MethodsThe current study is the first to our knowledge to assess the impact of a proactive UD monitoring program upon VAT in pediatric patients. Nine patients experienced 18 VAT over the two-year study. Mean values for variables potentially associated with VAT were compared to values from a size-matched seven patient group without VAT during the study period. VAT rates were compared between the year-before (pre-UD era) and year-after (UD era) UD was initiated. During the latter half of the UD era (rapid referral period), patients with VA flow rate (QAcorr) <650 mL/min/1.73 m2 were referred for balloon angioplasty within 48 hours.ResultsMean QAcorr was lower for patients with subsequent VAT (562 ± 290 mL/min/1.73 m2) versus patients without VAT (1005 ± 372 mL/min/1.73 m2; P = 0.02). The VAT rate was significantly lower in the UD era (4.1 VAT/100 patient-months) versus the pre-UD era (11.0 VAT/100 patient-months; P = 0.03). The decrease in VAT rates was caused predominantly in the rapid referral period, where the VAT rate dropped to 0.96 VAT/100 patient-months (P < 0.001). Cost of vascular access management was 65% higher ($1264 vs.$765/patient-month) in the pre-UD era, reflecting the increased cost for treatment of VAT.ConclusionsMonthly QAcorr <650 mL/min/1.73 m2 is predictive of imminent VAT in children receiving hemodialysis. Prompt referral for angioplasty of VA with QAcorr <650 mL/min/1.73 m2 leads to decreased VAT rates in children

The economic costs of schizophrenia: implications for public policy

The direct and indirect costs associated with schizophrenia in Australia were calculated using the incidence approach and compared with similar costings of myocardial infarction in Australia and the United States. In Australia schizophrenia affects one-twelfth as many people as does myocardial infarction, yet costs half as much. This is because the stream of costs associated with each case of schizophrenia is six times the stream of costs associated with myocardial infarction. To illustrate the utility of this costing approach, the information was used to estimate the cost-benefit ratio likely to follow the introduction of social intervention strategies. The information also showed that Australian support for research in schizophrenia is inadequate when compared with that for myocardial infarction and quite out of proportion to the cost of schizophrenia to the community

The Lantern Vol. 14, No. 2, February 1946

• Dog Daze • Locomotion • The Battle • Thoughts at Midnight • We Have a Race to Run • A Parable • Darkness at Dawn • Room for Error • Elegy Americana • Will This Happen Here • Last Mission • Free Trade • Love Letterhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/lantern/1038/thumbnail.jp

The Lantern Vol. 14, No. 3, June 1946

• Girl on the Park Bench • To a God Unknown • Atomic Concept • To a Swan • Mimi and Me • Conversation Between Thought & Mind • The Prices These Days! • The Magic Pebbles • Awe at the Beauty of Spring • Faith of the Hungry • Huey Fallow • Sketches • Narcissahttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/lantern/1039/thumbnail.jp

The Lantern Vol. 14, No. 1, December 1945

• Editorial • The Medal • Pain • Wonder • Warmth • Memory Lingers • Morning • Watch the Birdie • Poems • The War Dogs of the Devildogs • Joy in Every Heart • To Live in Hearts • The Operation • Moderately Well Done • Steak is King • Grateful America?https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/lantern/1037/thumbnail.jp

The Lantern Vol. 14, No. 1, December 1945

• Editorial • The Medal • Pain • Wonder • Warmth • Memory Lingers • Morning • Watch the Birdie • Poems • The War Dogs of the Devildogs • Joy in Every Heart • To Live in Hearts • The Operation • Moderately Well Done • Steak is King • Grateful America?https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/lantern/1037/thumbnail.jp

“We can all just get on a bus and go” : Rethinking independent mobility in the context of the universal provision of free bus travel to young Londoners

This paper uses qualitative data from interviews with 118 young Londoners (age 12-18) to examine how the universal provision of free bus travel has affected young people’s independent mobility. Drawing on Sen’s ‘capabilities approach’, we argue that free bus travel enhanced young Londoners’ capability to shape their daily mobility, both directly by increasing financial access and indirectly by facilitating the acquisition of the necessary skills, travelling companions and confidence. These capabilities in turn extended both opportunity freedoms (e.g. facilitating non-“necessary” recreational and social trips) and process freedoms (e.g. feeling more independent by decreasing reliance on parents). Moreover, the universal nature of the entitlement rendered buses a socially inclusive way for groups to travel and spend time together, thereby enhancing group-level capabilities. We believe this attention to individual and group capabilities for self-determination provides the basis for a broader and more child-centred view of ‘independent mobility’ than the typical research focus upon ‘travelling without an adult’ and acquiring parental permissions.Peer reviewe