STM32-based music player design

This design mainly studies the music player based on STM32 microcontroller, among them, the STM32F103C8T6 single_x005fchip microcomputer is mainly used, LCD1602 monitor, LM386 power amplifi er module, blue and white potentiometer, XY-V7B serial port controls the voice module, TF card, horn, KEY button. In addition to the hardware, software is required for system control. Finally, the mode of combining software and hardware is used, implementation status display, play music, music switching, the function of volume up and down. The chapter contains detailed information on various software and hardware and how to use them, this design optimizes the excessive display articulation, make the function more user-friendly, closer to the aspect of convenience and cost-eff ectiveness, it provides a more convenient way for music players

Thermal expansion of kyanite at ambient pressure: An X-ray powder diffraction study up to 1000 °C

AbstractThe thermal expansion coefficients of kyanite at ambient pressure have been investigated by an X-ray powder diffraction technique with temperatures up to 1000 °C. No phase transition was observed in the experimental temperature range. Data for the unit-cell parameters and temperatures were fitted empirically resulting in the following thermal expansion coefficients: αa = 5.8(3) × 10−5, αb = 5.8(1) × 10−5, αc = 5.2(1) × 10−5, and αV = 7.4(1) × 10−3 °C−1, in good agreement with a recent neutron powder diffraction study. On the other hand, the variation of the unit-cell angles α, β and γ of kyanite with increase in temperature is very complicated, and the agreement among all studies is poor. The thermal expansion data at ambient pressure reported here and the compression data at ambient temperature from the literature suggest that, for the kyanite lattice, the most and least thermally expandable directions correspond to the most and least compressible directions, respectively

First-Shot Unsupervised Anomalous Sound Detection With Unknown Anomalies Estimated by Metadata-Assisted Audio Generation

First-shot (FS) unsupervised anomalous sound detection (ASD) is a brand-new task introduced in DCASE 2023 Challenge Task 2, where the anomalous sounds for the target machine types are unseen in training. Existing methods often rely on the availability of normal and abnormal sound data from the target machines. However, due to the lack of anomalous sound data for the target machine types, it becomes challenging when adapting the existing ASD methods to the first-shot task. In this paper, we propose a new framework for the first-shot unsupervised ASD, where metadata-assisted audio generation is used to estimate unknown anomalies, by utilising the available machine information (i.e., metadata and sound data) to fine-tune a text-to-audio generation model for generating the anomalous sounds that contain unique acoustic characteristics accounting for each different machine types. We then use the method of Time-Weighted Frequency domain audio Representation with Gaussian Mixture Model (TWFR-GMM) as the backbone to achieve the first-shot unsupervised ASD. Our proposed FS-TWFR-GMM method achieves competitive performance amongst top systems in DCASE 2023 Challenge Task 2, while requiring only 1% model parameters for detection, as validated in our experiments.Comment: Submitted to ICASSP 202

A Multicenter Retrospective Study on Clinical Characteristics, Treatment Patterns, and Outcome in Elderly Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background. There is a paucity of information on the clinical presentation and outcome of elderly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. We performed a multicenter retrospective comparative study to assess the impact of age on potential differences in clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcome in HCC patients. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed HCC patients treated at two U.S. tertiary institutions from 1998 to 2008. Demographics, tumor parameters, etiology and severity of cirrhosis, treatment, and survival from diagnosis were collected and analyzed. After exclusion of transplanted patients, survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazards models. Results. Three hundred thirty-five HCC patients were divided into two groups: “elderly” (95 patients, age ≥70 years) and “younger” (240 patients, aged <70 years). The male/female (M/F) ratio was 5.8:1 and 1.7:1 in the younger and elderly groups, respectively (p < .0001). Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection rate was 48.3% in younger and 21.1% in elderly patients (p < .0001); Child class B and C cirrhosis accounted for 35.8% in younger and 25.3% in elderly patients (p = .063). Compared with younger patients, the elderly received transplant less frequently (19.6% versus 5.3%, p = .0002) and were more likely to receive supportive care only (22.9% versus 36.8%, p = .01). No significant differences between the two age groups were seen in tumor parameters or other treatments received. Overall (p = .47) and HCC-specific survival rates (p = .38) were similar in both age groups. Conclusions. Characteristics that distinguish elderly from younger HCC patients include lower M/F ratio, worse performance status, lower rate of HCV infection, and less advanced underlying cirrhosis. Elderly patients were less likely to have a liver transplant and more likely to receive supportive care only. However, overall and HCC-specific survival were similar between the two groups

Structural Analysis of Interstratified Illite-Smectite by the Rietveld Method

Rietveld method is a powerful tool in obtaining structural information of clay minerals by using of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. However, the interstratified illite-smectites (I-S) show various stacking defects preventing the direct application of this method. It was shown that the Rietveld method combined with a recursive structure-factor calculation can be used for describing the stacking disorder of I-S. In this study, a series of samples with different stacking sequences and different proportions of layer types were chosen to verify the applicability of Rietveld method in determination of structural parameters of I-S. The Rietveld refinements were carried out on powder samples and oriented specimens in air-dry (AD) and ethylene glycol (EG) state. The structural information obtained by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and thermal analysis were used as an independent test of the reliability of the refinements. The refined and experimental results were compared systematically and the relationship between structural parameter was discussed. For powder and oriented specimens, the refined results of occupancies of potassium and iron and the proportion of illitic layers showed consistent results. The refined value of cis-vacant layers was in good agreement with the experimental data. The reliability of the refinements increased with increasing proportion of illitic layers

Asymmetry of 1 nm XRD Reflection and Measurement of Illite Crystallinity

Theoretically the X-ray emission is subjected to the Gaussian distribution and is symmetric. An X-ray diffraction peak should be symmetric, too. However all illite 1 nm (interplanar distance) peaks used for measurement of illite crystallinity (IC) are practically asymmetric. Our experimental results prove that any X-ray diffraction peak in low diffraction angle segment appears asymmetric if the diffractometer is running with a slit-fixed system. However, if the diffractometer is running with an auto-adjustable-slit system and the illumination length is fixed, the X-ray diffraction peak in low diffraction angle segment is symmetric. Those peaks derived from synchrotron radiation are symmetric in all angle ranges. The asymmetric degree (AsD) of a X-ray diffraction peak is subjected to the ratio of integrated intensities on lower and higher diffraction angle sides which are related to the X-ray illuminating length (area) on the sample. From the expression of illuminating length it is derived that with increasing diffraction angle the illuminating length decreases and therefore a X-ray diffraction peak is always asymmetric. The relationship between AsD and IC can be expressed as AsD = 0.239IC + 0.999, When illite/smectite mixed-layer phase presents the asymmetry of the illite 1 nm X-ray diffraction peak will be obviously higher than usual case and induces unusually larger IC value.SCI(E)[email protected]

Lattice Row Distance and Its Application in Row-Indexing

In this paper, we propose six general formulae to describe those relationships between the lattice row distance, the lattice parameters and the Miller indices h, k and l for all crystal systems along with any direction. This finally establishes the foundation of the row-indexing, a new method for deriving Miller indices from the lattice row distance. Triclinic talc is used as an example for row-indexing. This new indexing method is especially useful for beam-sensitive materials

Structural Characterization of Octahedral Sheet in Dioctahedral Smectites by Thermal Analysis

The structures of octahedral sheets of dioctahedral phyllosilicates show cis-vacant (cv) and trans-vacant (tv) configurations due to the different distributions of the octahedral cations over cis- and trans-sites. On the basis of the different dehydroxylation temperatures, a thermal analysis is an effective method used to identify the cv and tv configurations of an octahedral sheet in dioctahedral smectites. The proportions of cv and tv configurations were determined by fitting the derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) curves. A wide range of cv and tv proportions were detected in the samples. The dehydroxylation temperatures of samples consisting of cv configuration are about 150 to 200 &deg;C higher than those consisting of tv configurations. The samples were classified as tv varieties when octahedral Fe3+ &gt; 0.46 mol/FU, and the pure tv dioctahedral smectites were found when Fe3+ &gt; 1.8 mol/FU. A clear linear relationship was found between the content of octahedral Fe3+ and Al3+ and the proportion of cv and tv configurations. The substitution of Al3+ by Fe3+ in the octahedral sheets is the main factor for the formation of tv varieties. There was no relationship detected between the layer charge density, octahedral Mg2+ content, and the proportion of tv and cv. The present results indicate that the iron content has a significant effect on the structure of the octahedral sheet