Modelling of networked measuring systems -- from white-box models to data based approaches

Mathematical modelling is at the core of metrology as it transforms raw measured data into useful measurement results. A model captures the relationship between the measurand and all relevant quantities on which the measurand depends, and is used to design measuring systems, analyse measured data, make inferences and predictions, and is the basis for evaluating measurement uncertainties. Traditional modelling approaches are typically analytical, for example, based on principles of physics. But with the increasing use of digital technologies, large sensor networks and powerful computing hardware, these traditional approaches are being replaced more and more by data-driven methods. This paradigm shift holds true in particular for the digital future of measurement in all spheres of our lives and the environment, where data provided by large and complex interconnected systems of sensors are to be analysed. Additionally, there is a requirement for existing guidelines and standards in metrology to take the paradigm shift into account. In this paper we lay the foundation for the development from traditional to data-driven modelling approaches. We identify key aspects from traditional modelling approaches and discuss their transformation to data-driven modelling

Exhaustivity in questions & clefts; and the quantifier connection A study in German and English

This thesis investigates children\u27s acquisition of exhaustivity across four structures: quantifiers, single questions, multiple questions and clefts. Two languages, English and German, are probed. Exhaustivity needs some sort of plural set to be mentioned without leaving out a member of that set. This dissertation provides experimental data that children start out non-exhaustively in all four structures, i.e. they start out in a singleton stage. Moreover, I show when children\u27s transition from a singleton stage to a first exhaustivity stage occurs. I argue that the acquisition of quantification is at the heart of all of these structures. Children start showing signs of exhaustivity once they start realizing that quantification is required by these four structures. Chapter 1 contains the introduction to the theoretical background underlying the assumptions and guiding the interpretation of the data obtained in the acquisition experiment. Chapter 2 gives an overview of previous acquisition literature on exhaustivity. The results from an experimental task in chapter 3 show that exhaustivity in quantifiers and single questions is acquired significantly earlier than the exhaustivity in multiple questions and clefts in English as well as in German. It is also shown that although exhaustivity is acquired earlier in some of the structures their acquisition process is still connected through a shared feature, quantification. I argue that the delayed acquisition of exhaustivity in multiple questions is due to a difference in semantic calculation. Whereas subset relations need to be calculated for quantifiers and questions, two sets, which are not in a subset relation to each other, need to be calculated and related for multiple questions and possibly also in clefts. This two set relation is what makes exhaustivity in multiple questions harder for English and German children. The delayed acquisition of exhaustivity in clefts is attributed to an array of facts which includes a possible difficulty of a two set calculation and a possible confusion with there constructions which do not have an exhaustivity requirement amongst other potential interfering factors. Chapter 4 contains the cross-linguistic comparison of the acquisition study in chapter 3 as well as a discussion of general implications for the field of language acquisition, speech pathology and linguistic theory. Furthermore possibilities of various acquisition paths and potential trigger relations between developmental stages are discussed. Chapter 5 contains some topics that are connected to the acquisition of exhaustivity but in the interest of keeping earlier chapters clear cut and streamlined their discussion is postponed until the last chapter. One such topic is how children\u27s mastery of focus factors into their acquiring exhaustivity since questions and clefts contain focus. Another topic which developed during the research for this thesis is whether maximality and exhaustivity differ in acquisition or not. The major thrust of the argument in chapter 5 is that maximality is different from exhaustivity and that their acquisition path differs. However, since this is not the main topic of this thesis only preliminary experimental data can be provided to support this claim. From this preliminary data we can predict that the path of acquisition of maximality may differ greatly from the path of exhaustivity

Ultimate Taipan with Dynamic Block Encoding : (Competition Contribution)

Ultimate Taipan is a software model checker that uses trace abstraction and abstract interpretation to prove correctness of programs. In contrast to previous versions, Ultimate Taipan now uses dynamic block encoding to obtain the best precision possible when evaluating transition formulas of large block encoded programs.publishe

Ultimate Automizer and the Search for Perfect Interpolants : (Competition Contribution)

Ultimate Automizer is a software verifier that generalizes proofs for traces to proofs for larger parts for the program. In recent years the portfolio of proof producers that are available to Ultimate has grown continuously. This is not only because more trace analysis algorithms have been implemented in Ultimate but also due to the continuous progress in the SMT community. In this paper we explain how Ultimate Automizer dynamically selects trace analysis algorithms and how the tool decides when proofs for traces are “good” enough for using them in the abstraction refinement.publishe

Mast Cell Leukemia: Clinical and Molecular Features and Survival Outcomes of Patients in the ECNM Registry

Mast cell leukemia (MCL) is a rare subtype of systemic mastocytosis (SM) defined by >20% mast cells (MC) on a bone marrow aspirate. We evaluated 92 patients with MCL from the European Competence Network on Mastocytosis registry. Thirty-one (34%) patients had a diagnosis of MCL with an associated hematologic neoplasm (MCL-AHN). Chronic MCL (lack of C-findings) comprised 14% of patients, and only 4.5% had 'leukemic MCL' (≥ 10% circulating MCs). KIT D816V was found in 62/85 (73%) evaluable patients; 9 (11%) individuals exhibited alternative KIT mutations, and no KIT variants were detected in 14 (17%) subjects. Ten evaluable patients (17%) had an abnormal karyotype and the poor-risk SRSF2, ASXL1, and RUNX1 (S/A/R) mutations were identified in 16/36 (44%) patients who underwent next-generation sequencing. Midostaurin was the most common therapy, administered to 65% of patients, and 45% as first-line therapy. The median overall survival (OS) was 1.6 years. In multivariate analysis (S/A/R mutations excluded due to low event rates), a diagnosis of MCL-AHN (HR 4.7, 95% CI 1.7 - 13.0, p = 0.001) and abnormal karyotype (HR 5.6, 95% CI 1.4 - 13.3, p = 0.02) were associated with inferior OS; KIT D816V positivity (HR 0.33, 95% CI 0.11 - 0.98, p = 0.04) and midostaurin treatment (HR 0.32, 95% CI 0.08 - 0.72, p = 0.008) were associated with superior OS. These data provide the most comprehensive snapshot of the clinicopathologic, molecular, and treatment landscape of MCL to date, and should help further inform subtyping and prognostication of MCL