Association between the occurence of iron-deficiency anemia with socioeconomic variables and school performance

Study design: Cross-sectional observational. Objective: Evaluate the association between the occurence of iron-deficiency anemia with socioeconomic variables and school performance. Method: They were included in the study 124 children aged between six and eight years old, municipal elementary school students, which were divided in two groups according to the presence (n=32) or absence of anemia (n=92). Hemoglobin and serum iron levels were determined by colorimetric method, red blood cells count was performed using Neubauer chamber, hematocrit was evaluated using microhematocrit centrifuge, and mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration hematimetric indexes were calculated. The school performance of children was provided by participating schools and socioeconomic variables were obtained by filling out the clinic file and the socioeconomic questionnaire of Brazilian Association of Research Companies by parents or guardians. Results: The prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia in school children was 25.8%, which is considered to be moderate. The proportion of better school grades was higher in children without anemia and in those belonging to the upper socioeconomic levels. However, it was not observed statistically differences between groups regarding school performance and socioeconomic variables. Conclusion: A moderate prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia was found in children aged between six and eight years old, however, it was not observed a significant association between irondeficiency anemia with socioeconomic variables and school performance.Modelo do estudo: Observacional transversal. Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre a presença de anemia ferropriva com variáveis socioeconômicas e rendimento escolar. Método: Foram incluídas no estudo 124 crianças com idade entre seis e oito anos, estudantes do ensino fundamental de escolas municipais, as quais foram divididas em dois grupos de acordo com a presença (n=32) ou ausência de anemia (n=92). Os níveis de hemoglobina e ferro sérico foram determinados por método colorimétrico, a contagem de hemácias foi realizada utilizando a câmara de Neubauer, o hematócrito foi avaliado utilizando centrífuga de microhematócrito, e foram calculados os índices hematimétricos volume corpuscular médio, hemoglobina corpuscular média e concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média. O desempenho escolar das crianças foi fornecido pelas escolas participantes e as variáveis socioeconômicas foram obtidas através de preenchimento de ficha clínica e do questionário socioeconômico da Associação Brasileira das Empresas de Pesquisa pelos pais ou responsáveis. Resultados: A prevalência de anemia ferropriva nos escolares foi de 25,8% que é considerada pelos parâmetros da OMS uma prevalência moderada. Foi observada uma maior proporção de crianças sem anemia que apresentaram melhores conceitos escolares e que pertencem aos níveis socioeconômicos mais altos do que de crianças com anemia. Contudo, não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos com relação ao rendimento escolar e as variáveis socioeconômicas. Conclusão: Uma prevalência moderada de anemia ferropriva foi encontrada nas crianças com idade entre seis e oitos anos, entretanto, não foi observada uma associação significativa entre a anemia ferropriva com variáveis socioeconômicas e o rendimento escolar

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data