7,596 research outputs found
Real-time three-dimensional ultrasound : a valuable new tool in preoperative assessment of complex congenital cardiac disease
Evaluating complex cardiac defects in small children preoperatively requires multiple diagnostic procedures including echocardiography, and also invasive methods such as cardiac catheterisation, computer-tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. This article assesses the complex anatomy of the atrioventricular valves in atrioventricular septal defect using bedside real-time three-dimensional echocardiography and comparing these results to the anatomic findings at the time of operative intervention.peer-reviewe
Identification of the dominant precession damping mechanism in Fe, Co, and Ni by first-principles calculations
The Landau-Lifshitz equation reliably describes magnetization dynamics using
a phenomenological treatment of damping. This paper presents first-principles
calculations of the damping parameters for Fe, Co, and Ni that quantitatively
agree with existing ferromagnetic resonance measurements. This agreement
establishes the dominant damping mechanism for these systems and takes a
significant step toward predicting and tailoring the damping constants of new
materials.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur
Higgs boson pair production in gluon fusion at NLO with full top-quark mass dependence
We present the calculation of the cross section and invariant mass
distribution for Higgs boson pair production in gluon fusion at next-to-leading
order (NLO) in QCD. Top-quark masses are fully taken into account throughout
the calculation. The virtual two-loop amplitude has been generated using an
extension of the program GoSam supplemented with an interface to Reduze for the
integral reduction. The occurring integrals have been calculated numerically
using the program SecDec. Our results, including the full top-quark mass
dependence for the first time, allow us to assess the validity of various
approximations proposed in the literature, which we also recalculate. We find
substantial deviations between the NLO result and the different approximations,
which emphasizes the importance of including the full top-quark mass dependence
at NLO.Comment: Version published in PRL, v2: results at 13 TeV (v1 was at 14 TeV),
minor correction to virtual part included, conclusions unchange
Line-scanning microphotolysis for diffraction-limited measurements of lateral diffusion
Fluorescence microphotolysis was combined with confocal laser-scanning microscopy to yield a method, herein referred to as line-scanning microphotolysis (LINESCAMP), for the measurement of molecular transport at a lateral resolution of approximately 0.34 microns and a temporal resolution of approximately 0.5 ms. A confocal microscope was operated in the line scan mode, while the laser beam power could be switched during scanning between low monitoring and high photolysing levels in less then a microsecond. The number and location of line segments to be photolysed could be freely determined. The length of the photolysed segments could be also chosen and was only limited by diffraction. Together with instrumentation a new, completely general, theoretical framework for the evaluation of diffusion measurements was developed. Based on the numerical simulation of diffusion processes employing a modified Crank-Nicholson scheme, the theory could be applied to any photobleaching geometry and profile as the initial condition and took into account the convolution with the microscope point spread function. With small diffraction-limited areas, the method yielded accurate values for diffusion coefficients in the range between approximately 10(-4) and 1 micron2 s-1. A first application of the method to the diffusion of a fluorescently labeled tracer inside the cell nucleus showed the potential of the method for the study of complex biological systems
Damping by slow relaxing rare earth impurities in Ni80Fe20
Doping NiFe by heavy rare earth atoms alters the magnetic relaxation
properties of this material drastically. We show that this effect can be well
explained by the slow relaxing impurity mechanism. This process is a
consequence of the anisotropy of the on site exchange interaction between the
4f magnetic moments and the conduction band. As expected from this model the
magnitude of the damping effect scales with the anisotropy of the exchange
interaction and increases by an order of magnitude at low temperatures. In
addition our measurements allow us to determine the relaxation time of the 4f
electrons as a function of temperature
Summer sudden Na number density enhancements measured with the ALOMAR Weber Na Lidar
We present summer Na-densities and atmospheric temperatures measured 80 to 110 km above the Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research (ALOMAR). The Weber Na Lidar is part of ALOMAR, located at 69&deg; N in Norway, 150 km north of the Arctic Circle. The sun does not set here during the summer months, and measurements require a narrowband Faraday Anomalous Dispersion Optical Filter (FADOF). <br><br> We discuss an observed sudden enhancement in the Na number density around 22:00 UT on 1 to 2 June 2006. We compare this observation with previous summer measurements and find a frequent appearance of Na number density enhancements near local midnight. We describe the time of appearance, the altitude distribution, the duration and the strength of these enhancements and compare them to winter observations. We investigate possible formation mechanisms and, as others before, we find a strong link between these Na number density enhancements and sporadic E layers
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