500 research outputs found
Gender agreement on adverbs in Spanish
In this article we explore the exceptional gender agreement of the Spanish adverb mucho
(‘much’), when it modifies comparative adjectives inside DPs that contain a particular type of
noun (as in muchafem mejor intenciónfem, ‘much better intention’). This phenomenon, which we
describe in detail, raises crucial questions both about the mechanisms of agreement and about the
nature of gender in a language such as Spanish. We will argue on the basis of our analysis that
agreement is not semantically motivated, but blindly triggered by certain formal configurations.
We will also argue that –at least in languages such as Spanish– gender information is scattered in
two different positions inside the DP.Peer reviewe
Upper critical field pecularities of superconducting YNi2B2C and LuNi2B2C
We present new upper critical field Hc2(T) data in a broad temperature region
from 0.3K to Tc for LuNi2B2C and YNi2B2C single crystals with well
characterized low impurity scattering rates. The absolute values for all T, in
particular Hc2(0), and the sizeable positive curvature (PC) of Hc2(T) at high
and intermediate T are explained quantitatively within an effective two-band
model. The failure of the isotropic single band approach is discussed in
detail. Supported by de Haas van Alphen data, the superconductivity reveals
direct insight into details of the electronic structure. The observed maximal
PC near Tc gives strong evidence for clean limit type II superconductors.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, Phys. Rev. Lett. accepte
Theory of de Haas-van Alphen Effect in Type-II Superconductors
Theory of quasiparticle spectra and the de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) oscillation
in type-II superconductors are developed based on the Bogoliubov-de Gennes
equations for vortex-lattice states. As the pair potential grows through the
superconducting transition, each degenerate Landau level in the normal state
splits into quasiparticle bands in the magnetic Brillouin zone. This brings
Landau-level broadening, which in turn leads to the extra dHvA oscillation
damping in the vortex state. We perform extensive numerical calculations for
three-dimensional systems with various gap structures. It is thereby shown that
(i) this Landau-level broadening is directly connected with the average gap at
H=0 along each Fermi-surface orbit perpendicular to the field H; (ii) the extra
dHvA oscillation attenuation is caused by the broadening around each extremal
orbit. These results imply that the dHvA experiment can be a unique probe to
detect band- and/or angle-dependent gap amplitudes. We derive an analytic
expression for the extra damping based on the second-order perturbation with
respect to the pair potential for the Luttinger-Ward thermodynamic potential.
This formula reproduces all our numerical results excellently, and is used to
estimate band-specific gap amplitudes from available data on NbSe_2, Nb_3Sn,
and YNi_2B_2C. The obtained value for YNi_2B_2C is fairly different from the
one through a specific-heat measurement, indicating presence of gap anisotropy
in this material. C programs to solve the two-dimensional Bogoliubov-de Gennes
equations are available at http://phys.sci.hokudai.ac.jp/~kita/index-e.html .Comment: 16 pages, 11 figure
Effects of Post-Translational Modifications of Fibrinogen on Clot Formation, Clot Structure, and Fibrinolysis: A Systematic Review
OBJECTIVE: Post-translational modifications of fibrinogen influence the occurrence and progression of thrombotic diseases. In this systematic review, we assessed the current literature on post-translational modifications of fibrinogen and their effects on fibrin formation and clot characteristics. Approach and Results: A systematic search of Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was performed to find studies reporting post-translational modifications of fibrinogen and the effects on clot formation and structure. Both in vitro studies and ex vivo studies using patient material were included. One hundred five articles were included, describing 11 different modifications of fibrinogen. For the best known and studied modifications, conclusions could be drawn about their effect on clot formation and structure. Oxidation, high levels of nitration, and glycosylation inhibit the rate of polymerization, resulting in dense clots with thinner fibers, while low levels of nitration increase the rate of polymerization. Glycation showed different results for polymerization, but f
Neutrophil Extracellular Trap–Derived Enzymes Oxidize High‐Density Lipoprotein: An Additional Proatherogenic Mechanism in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/108351/1/art38703.pd
Comparison of coherent and weakly incoherent transport models for the interlayer magnetoresistance of layered Fermi liquids
The interlayer magnetoresistance of layered metals in a tilted magnetic field
is calculated for two distinct models for the interlayer transport. The first
model involves coherent interlayer transport and makes use of results of
semi-classical or Bloch-Boltzmann transport theory. The second model involves
weakly incoherent interlayer transport where the electron is scattered many
times within a layer before tunneling into the next layer. The results are
relevant to the interpretation of experiments on angular-dependent
magnetoresistance oscillations (AMRO) in quasi-one- and quasi-two-dimensional
metals. We find that the dependence of the magnetoresistance on the direction
of the magnetic field is identical for both models except when the field is
almost parallel to the layers. An important implication of this result is that
a three-dimensional Fermi surface is not necessary for the observation of the
Yamaji and Danner oscillations seen in quasi-two- and quasi-one-dimensional
metals, respectively. A universal expression is given for the dependence of the
resistance at AMRO maxima and minima on the magnetic field and scattering time
(and thus the temperature). We point out three distinctive features of coherent
interlayer transport: (i) a beat frequency in the magnetic oscillations of
quasi-two-dimensional systems, (ii) a peak in the angular-dependent
magnetoresistance when the field is sufficiently large and parallel to the
layers, and (iii) a crossover from a linear to a quadratic field dependence for
the magnetoresistance when the field is parallel to the layers. Properties (i)
and (ii) are compared with published experimental data for a range of
quasi-two-dimensional organic metals and for Sr2RuO4.Comment: 21 pages, RevTeX + epsf, 4 figures. Published version. Subsection
added. References update
Effects of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen on Virus-specific and Global T Cells in Patients With Chronic HBV infection
10.1053/j.gastro.2020.04.019Gastroenterolog
Suppression of low-density lipoprotein oxidation, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration by a herbal extract of Radix Astragali, Radix Codonopsis and Cortex Lycii
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Atherosclerosis is a major cause of death in developed world. Atherosclerosis is characterized by low-density lipoprotein deposition in the arterial wall which ultimately begets the formation of lesions. Rupture of lesions finally leads to clinical events such as heart attack and stroke. Atherosclerosis is a complication associated with diabetes. In patients with diabetes, the risk of atherosclerosis is three to five folds greater than in non-diabetics. Our previous study showed that a herbal extract of <it>Radix Astragali, Radix Codonopsis </it>and <it>Cortex Lycii</it>, namely SR10, could improve glucose homeostasis both <it>in vitro </it>and <it>in vivo</it>. In this study, we want to further investigate the efficacy of SR10 in treating atherosclerosis.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>The inhibitory effect of SR10 on low-density lipoprotein oxidation was investigated using free radical-induced erythrocyte hemolysis model and copper ion-induced low-density lipoprotein oxidation model. Since vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration are important processes in atherogenesis, we also examined the effect of SR10 in inhibiting these events.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Our results showed that SR10 inhibited erythrocyte hemolysis with IC<sub>50 </sub>value at 0.25 mg/ml and significantly prolonged low-density lipoprotein oxidation <it>in vitro</it>. SR10 attenuated platelet derived growth factor-BB-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by promoting cell cycle arrest at G<sub>0</sub>/G<sub>1 </sub>phase as well as inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell migration.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The potential application of SR10 in treating atherosclerosis has been implied in this study. Animal model will be needed to further verify the efficacy of SR10 in future.</p
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