Additional file 2: Table S2. of Years of life lost due to lower extremity injury in association with dementia, and care need: a 6-year follow-up population-based study using a multi-state approach among German elderly

Numbers and percentages of transitions and exposure of interest (LEI) by age. Differentiates Table 1 which is included in the main document by 5-year age groups. (DOCX 19 kb

Additional file 1: Table S1. of Years of life lost due to lower extremity injury in association with dementia, and care need: a 6-year follow-up population-based study using a multi-state approach among German elderly

ICDs used to identify dementia and lower extremity injury (ICD- 2010-GM). To list the concrete ICDs, which we used to identify dementia and lower extremity injury in our study. (DOCX 15 kb

How to quantify information loss due to phase ambiguity in haplotype case-control studies-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "How to quantify information loss due to phase ambiguity in haplotype case-control studies"</p><p></p><p>BMC Genetics 2005;6(Suppl 1):S108-S108.</p><p>Published online 30 Dec 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1866831.</p><p></p>es 1/1 and 2/2, 'H' a heterozygote 1/2. (2) The y-label is ordered by A-optimality (the highest 'HHH' group for the first selection, the 'H1H', 'HH1', etc), the red points by D-optimality. So the first individuals to be selected are 'H1H' group, not 'HHH', and hence it shows discrepancy using two different measures. The jumps between groups indicate the correlation between parameters

The significant associations between SNPs and DNA methylation.

<p>The significant associations between SNPs and DNA methylation.</p

DNA methylation across multiple loci.

<p>The colored bars present DNA methylation measurements of the various loci and their grouping in the final analyses. <b>A</b>. The correlation of the DNA methylation of CpG dinucleotides within <i>IGF2/H19.</i> Each square block represents the pair wise correlation between two CpG dinucleotides in 120 individuals, the 60 individuals exposed periconceptional to famine and their same-sex siblings. Only significant correlations are shown in a color gradient from red (ρ = −1) to gray (ρ = 0 or N.S.) to green (ρ = +1). <b>B</b>. The average within pair difference in DNA methylation (%) between the famine exposed and their same-sex sibling controls for the 3 amplicons measured in the <i>IGF2</i> DMR0. A * denotes if the individual fragment containing one or multiple CpG sites is significantly different between the exposed and unexposed (P<0.05).</p

The association of prenatal famine and genetic variation <i>in cis</i> with <i>IGF2</i>/<i>H19</i> methylation.

<p>The associations between famine or genotype with DNA methylation. The p-value of the association (−log10 scale) is given in a color scale from non significant (gray) to highly significant (bright red). DMRs are denoted by the colored bars in top of the figure. The effect sizes are given in standardized SD-scores. In a white font are the associations significant after multiple testing correction. The nominally significant associations are denoted in orange.</p

The associations between periconceptional famine exposure and DNA methylation.

<p>The associations between periconceptional famine exposure and DNA methylation.</p

Schematic overview of the <i>IGF2/H19</i> region, measured loci and genetic variation covered.

<p>The colored boxes in the loci pane represent the DNA methylation measurements as distributed over the various functional differentially methylated regions, also defined by unique coloring (<i>H19</i> DMR, <i>IGF2</i> DMR2, DMR1, DMR0 and the <i>INS</i> promoter). The number of CpG sites measured per locus is given above the locus names. The gene structure, as defined by Refseq, is given together with the CpG islands (“CGI”, bright green). The yellow bar presents the chromosome, with the various measured SNPs marked by bars. In the HaploView pane the D′ between SNPs is given in the color scale, while the R-squared is given in numeric values in the boxes.</p

Dealing with patients facing a history of sexual abuse: A cross-sectional survey among Dutch general practitioners

<p><b>Background:</b> Sexual abuse (SA) is a common problem. As the primary confidant, the general practitioner (GP) has a valuable role in identifying a history of abuse, specifically with regard to the commonly performed pelvic examination for cervical cancer screening.</p> <p><b>Objectives:</b> This study focused on GPs’ practice patterns, knowledge, training need and barriers concerning asking patients about SA. Furthermore, it was investigated who performs the cervical smear within the practice and if SA is taken into consideration.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> The authors constructed a 31-item questionnaire, which was sent to a group of 730 Dutch GPs in September 2012.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> The response rate was 49.3%. Half of the 357 responding GPs asked their patients about SA sometimes. The majority (76.2%) stated they had some knowledge of SA. The most important barriers for not asking were ‘no angle or motive for asking’ (81.6%), ‘presence of third parties’ (73.1%), and ‘not enough training’ (54.1%). In most practices (84.3%), the nurse practitioner (NP) was assigned to perform the cervical smears, of which 34.8% presumably never ask about SA in advance. Additional training was in need according to 68.6%. GPs desired a clinical practice guideline regarding the counselling of SA (83.5%).</p> <p><b>Conclusion:</b> This study showed SA is an under-evaluated problem in general practice, yet GPs are motivated to improve knowledge and counselling skills. NPs perform most of the cervical smears, but the majority never or rarely asked about SA in advance. Educational training and a clinical guideline regarding SA would be appreciated and hence recommended.</p

Differences in nuclear expression between normal and tumor tissues of individual markers.

<p>(A) Displayed are differences in nuclear expression, measured as the percentage of positively stained nuclei, between normal and tumor tissues (n = 47). Boxplots show the median and range of expression of each of the individual markers in normal (N) and tumor (T) samples. The median percentages of positive nuclei are given for each of the markers. P-values represent statistical differences between normal and tumor samples, calculated using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. (B) Histograms show the difference in expression between tumor and paired normal tissues (y-axis) for each of the individual patients (x-axis). Differences in expression were calculated as follows: expression difference  =  expression in tumor tissue – expression in normal tissue. Negative values indicate higher expression in normal tissues, positive values indicate higher expression in tumor tissues.</p