ICDF Complex Operations Waste Management Plan

This Waste Management Plan functions as a management and planning tool for managing waste streams generated as a result of operations at the Idaho CERCLA Disposal Facility (ICDF) Complex. The waste management activities described in this plan support the selected remedy presented in the Waste Area Group 3, Operable Unit 3-13 Final Record of Decision for the operation of the Idaho CERCLA Disposal Facility Complex. This plan identifies the types of waste that are anticipated during operations at the Idaho CERCLA Disposal Facility Complex. In addition, this plan presents management strategies and disposition for these anticipated waste streams

ICDF Complex Remedial Action Report

This Idaho CERCLA Disposal Facility (ICDF) Remedial Action Report has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of Section 6.2 of the INEEL CERCLA Disposal Facility Remedial Action Work Plan. The agency prefinal inspection of the ICDF Staging, Storage, Sizing, and Treatment Facility (SSSTF) was completed in June of 2005. Accordingly, this report has been developed to describe the construction activities completed at the ICDF along with a description of any modifications to the design originally approved for the facility. In addition, this report provides a summary of the major documents prepared for the design and construction of the ICDF, a discussion of relevant requirements and remedial action objectives, the total costs associated with the development and operation of the facility to date, and identification of necessary changes to the Agency-approved INEEL CERCLA Disposal Facility Remedial Action Work Plan and the ICDF Complex Operations and Maintenance Plan

ICDF Complex Remedial Action Work Plan

This Remedial Action Work Plan provides the framework for operation of the Idaho Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) Disposal Facility Complex (ICDF). This facility includes (a) an engineered landfill that meets the substantial requirements of DOE Order 435.1, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Subtitle C, Idaho Hazardous Waste Management Act, and Toxic Substances Control Act polychlorinated biphenyl landfill requirements; (b) centralized receiving, inspections, administration, storage/staging, and treatment facilities necessary for CERCLA investigation-derived, remedial, and removal waste at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) prior to final disposition in the disposal facility or shipment off-Site; and (c) an evaporation pond that has been designated as a corrective action management unit. The ICDF Complex, including a buffer zone, will cover approximately 40 acres, with a landfill disposal capacity of approximately 510,000 yd3. The ICDF Complex is designed and authorized to accept INL CERCLA-generated wastes, and includes the necessary subsystems and support facilities to provide a complete waste management system. This Remedial Action Work Plan presents the operational approach and requirements for the various components that are part of the ICDF Complex. Summaries of the remedial action work elements are presented herein, with supporting information and documents provided as appendixes to this work plan that contain specific detail about the operation of the ICDF Complex. This document presents the planned operational process based upon an evaluation of the remedial action requirements set forth in the Operable Unit 3-13 Final Record of Decision

ICDF Complex Waste Profile and Verification Sample Guidance

This guidance document will assist waste generators who characterize waste streams destined for disposal at the Idaho Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) Disposal Facility (ICDF) Complex. The purpose of this document is to develop a conservative but appropriate way to (1) characterize waste for entry into the ICDF; (2) ensure compliance with the waste acceptance criteria; and (3) facilitate disposal at the ICDF landfill or evaporation pond. In addition, this document will establish the waste verification process used by ICDF personnel to ensure that untreated waste meets applicable ICDF acceptance limit

A Dietary Assessment of Mid-Spectrum Chronic Kidney Disease

Diets of adult individuals with mid-spectrum (stages III and IV) Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) remain understudied. The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans food patterns based on the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) in concert with the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF KDOQI) guidelines are advised to individuals with CKD. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) remains the best method for tracking CKD progression, yet relationships between self-reported dietary intake and eGFR are understudied. PURPOSE: To assess the self-reported dietary pattern in patients with stage III or IV CKD in contrast to the RDA and NKF KDOQI dietary guidelines and to identify correlates of eGFR. METHODS: Twenty participants with stage III or IV CKD [n = 6 male (M); n = 14 female (F)]; age 62.0 ± 9.9 years; weight 80.9 ± 16.2 kg; body fat 37.3 ± 8.5% of weight; eGFR 51.5 ± 6.82 mL/min/1.73m2) completed self-reported dietary assessments for an average of 5 days. Diet was assessed using the ESHA Food Processor Software, Version 11.1. Micro- and macronutrient analyses for males and females were compared to the RDA and NKF KDOQI guidelines to identify malnutrition. T-tests were used to test the difference in eGFR between genders and bivariate correlation analyses were used to identify correlates of eGFR, p-values were considered significant at the α = 0.05 level. RESULTS: On average, all subjects met the RDA and NKF KDOQI guidelines for caloric intake. Average consumption of saturated fat (F = 24.3 ± 10.8g, M = 34.1 ± 6.0g), sodium (F = 3780 ± 2510mg, M = 4210 ± 386mg) and protein (F = 65.0 ± 23.5g, M = 107.3 ± 27.3g) was higher than the recommendations while the average consumption of fiber (F = 13.6 ± 4.1g, M = 14.8 ± 7.3g), calcium (F = 573 ± 325mg, M = 720 ± 224mg), potassium (F = 240 ± 1800mg, M = 940 ± 492mg) and phosphorous (F = 628 ± 1320mg, M = 425 ± 314mg) was low. On average, males had a higher eGFR than females (t = -2.40, p = 0.03). Age, body fat percentage, weight, cholesterol, calcium intake, protein intake, and daily caloric intake were not found to be significantly correlated with eGFR. CONCLUSION: When compared to the RDA and NKF KDOQI guidelines, individuals with mid-spectrum CKD had poor nutritional quality. Female gender was correlated with reduced eGFR. Future interventions in individuals with mid-spectrum CKD should look to improve diet quality to align with clinical guidelines and prevent progression to end-stage renal disease

Wnt/β-Catenin and Androgen Receptor Signaling Increase Following High Load Resistance Exercise Without Elevations in Serum/Muscle Testosterone or Androgen Receptor Content

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was 1) to determine the effect of single bouts of volume- and intensity-equated low (LL) and high load (HL) full-body resistance exercise (RE) on AR-DNA binding, serum/muscle testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, muscle androgen receptor (AR), and AR-DNA binding and 2) to determine the effect of RE on sarcoplasmic and nucleoplasmic β-catenin concentrations in order to determine their impact on mediating AR-DNA binding in the absence/presence of serum/muscle androgen and AR protein. METHODS: In a cross-over design, ten resistance-trained males completed volume- and intensity-equated LL and HL full-body RE. Blood and muscle samples were collected at pre-, 3h-, and 24h post-exercise. Separate 2x3 factorial ANOVAs with repeated measures and pairwise comparisons with a Bonferroni adjustment were used to analyze main effects. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in muscle AR, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, or serum total testosterone in either condition (p \u3e.05). Serum free testosterone was significantly decreased 3h post-exercise and remained significantly less than baseline 24h post-exercise in both conditions (p.05). Moreover, sarcoplasmic β-catenin was significantly greater in HL (p.05). CONCLUSION: Increases in AR-DNA binding in response to HL indicates AR signaling may be load-dependent. Furthermore, despite the lack of increase in serum and muscle androgens or AR content following HL RE, elevations in AR-DNA binding with elevated sarcoplasmic β-catenin suggests β-catenin may be facilitating this response

Combined Blood Flow Restriction Training and Betaine Supplementation Impacts on Serum Betaine and Homocysteine Concentrations

Homocysteine (HCY) is a clinically implicated in inflammation and cardiovascular impairments. Although both betaine supplementation and acute resistance (both high-load [HL] and low-load blood flow restriction [LL-BFR]) training notably attenuate HCY concentrations, it is hitherto unknown if these independent modalities synergistically interact. PURPOSE: to determine whether a combination of betaine supplementation, as well as acute HL and/or LL-BFR training can attenuate post-exercise HCY more effectively than either isolated modality. METHODS: Eighteen recreationally trained males (25±5y) were randomized in double-blind fashion to supplement 6g/day of either betaine anhydrous (BET) or identically dosed cellulose placebo for 14-days. Subsequently, all subjects performed four standardized sets of one-leg press and two additional sets to muscular failure on both legs in a counter-balanced and crossover design. Specifically, one leg performed standard high-load (HL; 70%1RM) exercise and contralateral limb underwent BFR (LL-BFR; 20%1RM) training at 80% arterial occlusion pressure. Serum homocysteine (HCY) and betaine (BET) concentrations were analyzed before and 30-minutes post-exercise prior to quantification via ELISA and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. The changes in all aforementioned variables from baseline (∆HCY and ∆BET) were assessed via separate two-way mixed model ANOVA with repeated measures at a significance level of pRESULTS: Analyses failed to reveal any significant main nor interaction effects for serum ∆BET. Although no apparent main supplement nor interaction effects were observed, ∆HCY demonstrated a significant main exercise condition effect (p=.045; ηp2=.228), whereby the LL-BFR group displayed significantly greater concentrations versus HL (p=.045). CONCLUSION: While these findings ultimately do not support a betaine-resistance training synergy-mediated reduction in serum HCY, our data otherwise suggest BFR training may preferentially result in lower post-training concentrations relative to a commonly employed, high-load approach. Future research should elucidate the credence of this interpretation via additional longitudinal investigations amidst hyperhomocysteinemia-predisposed clinical populations

Impacts of Varying Blood Flow Restriction Cuff Size and Material on Arterial, Venous and Calf Muscle Pump-Mediated Blood Flow

Blood flow restriction (BFR) may become ineffective or potentially dangerous without sufficient standardization. The purpose of this investigation was therefore to (1) assess the viability of multiple sizes of a novel BFR cuff to determine arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) and (2) compare resting arterial, venous and calf muscle pump (cMP)-mediated blood flow between the aforementioned conditions and a commonly employed wide-rigid, tourniquet-style cuff. In randomized, counter-balanced, and crossover fashion, 20 apparently healthy males (18–40 years) donned a widely employed wide-rigid (WR) cuff, along with the largest (NE) and manufacturer-recommended sizes (NER) of a novel narrow-elastic cuff. Participants subsequently assessed AOP, as well as (at 80%AOP) arterial, venous, and venous cMP flow relative to baseline values via ultrasound. All analyses were performed at a significance level of p \u3c 0.05. Analyses revealed a significant condition effect for AOP (p \u3c 0.001; ηp2 = 0.907) whereby WR was significantly lower than both NE and NER; in addition, the latter two did not differ. Compared with baseline, there were no statistically significant differences between cuffs for either arterial or cMP-mediated blood flow. Unsurprisingly, no participants demonstrated venous blood flow at 80% AOP. These findings support the viability of a novel narrow-elastic BFR product, evidenced by consistent AOP acquisition and equivocal blood flow parameters

LGD-4033 and MK-677 Use Impacts Body Composition, Circulating Biomarkers, and Skeletal Muscle Androgenic Hormone and Receptor Content: A Case Report

LGD-4033, a selective androgen receptor modulator, and MK-677, a growth hormone secretagogue, are being used increasingly amongst recreationally active demographics. However, limited data exist describing their effects on health- and androgen-related biomarkers. The purpose of this case study was to determine changes in body composition and biomarkers during and after continued co-administration of LGD-4033 and MK-677. We also aimed to examine muscular strength and intramuscular androgen-associated biomarkers relative to non-users. A 25-year-old male ingested LGD-4033 (10 mg) and MK-677 (15 mg) daily for 5 weeks. Blood and body composition metrics were obtained pre-, on- and post-cycle. One-repetition maximum leg and bench press, in addition to intramuscular androgens and androgen receptor content, were analysed on-cycle. We observed pre- to on-cycle changes in body composition (body mass, +6.0%; total lean body mass, +3.1%; trunk lean body mass, +6.6%; appendicular lean body mass, +4.3%; total fat mass, +15.4%; trunk fat mass, +2.8%; and appendicular fat mass, +14.8%), bone (bone mineral content, −3.60%; area, −1.1%; and bone mineral density, −2.1%), serum lipid-associated biomarkers (cholesterol, +14.8%; triglycerides, +39.2%; low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol, +40.0%; and high-density lipoprotein–cholesterol, −36.4%), liver-associated biomarkers (aspartate aminotransferase, +95.8%; and alanine aminotransferase, +205.0%) and androgen-associated biomarkers (free testosterone, −85.7%; total testosterone, −62.3%; and sex hormone-binding globulin, −79.6%); however, all variables returned to pre-cycle values post-cycle, apart from total fat mass, appendicular fat mass, bone area, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol. Follicle-stimulating hormone was below clinical reference values on- (1.2 IU/L) and post-cycle (1.3 IU/L). Intramuscular androgen receptor (−44.6%), testosterone (+47.8%) and dihydrotestosterone (+34.4%), in addition to one-repetition maximum leg press and bench press (+39.2 and +32.0%, respectively), were different in the case subject compared with non-users. These data demonstrate that LGD-4033 and MK-677 increase several body composition parameters, whilst negatively impacting bone and several serum biomarkers. Given the sparsity of data in recreationally using demographics, further research is warranted to elucidate the acute and chronic physiological effects of these anabolic agents

Association between Total Body Composition and VO2max in Individuals with Mid-Spectrum Chronic Kidney Disease

Total body composition (TBC), a measure of body fat percentage (%BF), lean body mass (LBM), and bone mineral content (BMC), can be used as a predictor of cardiovascular fitness. Prior studies have established a relationship between TBC and VO2max in healthy individuals over 35 years of age. However, this relationship is poorly understood in chronic disease populations. PURPOSE: To assess the relationship between TBC and cardiovascular fitness in a clinical population of adults with mid-spectrum (stages G2, G3a, and G3b) chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 24 subjects diagnosed with mid-spectrum CKD. Nine males and 15 females with an average age of 62.25±9.2 years and a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 54.38±9.04 ml/min/1.73m2 completed the study. Subjects completed a health screening, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan, and underwent VO2max testing on a treadmill using a modified Bruce protocol. Normality tests, descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlations, t-tests, and ANOVAs were conducted in SAS v.9.4. RESULTS: The average %BF was 36.28±8.47%, LBM was 117.16±31.32lbs., BMC was 2308.74±735.19g., and VO2max was 20.13±5.04ml/kg/min. VO2max was positively correlated with BMC and LBM (r=0.65, p=0.001 and r=0.75, p\u3c0.001, respectively) and negatively correlated with %BF (r= -0.80, p\u3c0.001). Individuals in later stages of CKD had lower LBM, BMC, and VO2max (p=0.017, p=0.001, and p=0.007, respectively), yet there was no association of CKD stage with %BF or age (p=0.210 and p=0.107). CONCLUSION: TBC was found to be significantly associated with cardiovascular fitness in the study sample. Higher BMD and LBM values were associated with higher VO2max whereas higher %BF was associated with a lower VO2max in individuals with mid-spectrum CKD. Progression of CKD stage was associated with lower LBM, BMC, and VO2max values, indicating a graded effect of CKD stage on cardiovascular fitness