363 research outputs found
Analyzing Attacks on Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC)
Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) is one of the driving applications
of vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) and promises to bring more efficient and
faster transportation through cooperative behavior between vehicles. In CACC,
vehicles exchange information, which is relied on to partially automate
driving; however, this reliance on cooperation requires resilience against
attacks and other forms of misbehavior. In this paper, we propose a rigorous
attacker model and an evaluation framework for this resilience by quantifying
the attack impact, providing the necessary tools to compare controller
resilience and attack effectiveness simultaneously. Although there are
significant differences between the resilience of the three analyzed
controllers, we show that each can be attacked effectively and easily through
either jamming or data injection. Our results suggest a combination of
misbehavior detection and resilient control algorithms with graceful
degradation are necessary ingredients for secure and safe platoons.Comment: 8 pages (author version), 5 Figures, Accepted at 2017 IEEE Vehicular
Networking Conference (VNC
Enhanced Position Verification for VANETs using Subjective Logic
The integrity of messages in vehicular ad-hoc networks has been extensively
studied by the research community, resulting in the IEEE~1609.2 standard, which
provides typical integrity guarantees. However, the correctness of message
contents is still one of the main challenges of applying dependable and secure
vehicular ad-hoc networks. One important use case is the validity of position
information contained in messages: position verification mechanisms have been
proposed in the literature to provide this functionality. A more general
approach to validate such information is by applying misbehavior detection
mechanisms. In this paper, we consider misbehavior detection by enhancing two
position verification mechanisms and fusing their results in a generalized
framework using subjective logic. We conduct extensive simulations using VEINS
to study the impact of traffic density, as well as several types of attackers
and fractions of attackers on our mechanisms. The obtained results show the
proposed framework can validate position information as effectively as existing
approaches in the literature, without tailoring the framework specifically for
this use case.Comment: 7 pages, 18 figures, corrected version of a paper submitted to 2016
IEEE 84th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2016-Fall): revised the way an
opinion is created with eART, and re-did the experiments (uploaded here as
correction in agreement with TPC Chairs
Open issues in differentiating misbehavior and anomalies for VANETs
This position paper proposes new challenges in data-centric misbehavior detection for vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). In VANETs, which aim to improve safety and efficiency of road transportation by enabling communication between vehicles, an important challenge is how vehicles can be certain that messages they receive are correct. Incorrectness of messages may be caused by malicious participants, damaged sensors, delayed messages or they may be triggered by software bugs. An essential point is that due to the wide deployment in these networks, we cannot assume that all vehicles will behave correctly. This effect is stronger due to the privacy requirements, as those requirements include multiple certificates per vehicle to hide its identity. To detect these incorrect messages, the research community has developed misbehavior data-centric detection mechanisms, which attempt to recognize the messages by semantically analyzing the content. The detection of anomalous messages can be used to detect and eventually revoke the certificate of the sender, if the message was malicious. However, this approach is made difficult by rare events βsuch as accidentsβ, which are essentially anomalous messages that may trigger the detection mechanisms. The idea we wish to explore in this paper is how attack detection may be improved by also considering the detection of specific types of anomalous events, such as accidents
Misbehavior detection in vehicular ad-hoc networks
In this paper we discuss misbehavior detection for vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs), a special case of cyber-physical systems (CPSs). We evaluate the suitability of existing PKI approaches for insider misbehavior detection and propose a classification for novel detection schemes
Message Type Identification of Binary Network Protocols using Continuous Segment Similarity
Protocol reverse engineering based on traffic traces infers the behavior of
unknown network protocols by analyzing observable network messages. To perform
correct deduction of message semantics or behavior analysis, accurate message
type identification is an essential first step. However, identifying message
types is particularly difficult for binary protocols, whose structural features
are hidden in their densely packed data representation. We leverage the
intrinsic structural features of binary protocols and propose an accurate
method for discriminating message types.
Our approach uses a similarity measure with continuous value range by
comparing feature vectors where vector elements correspond to the fields in a
message, rather than discrete byte values. This enables a better recognition of
structural patterns, which remain hidden when only exact value matches are
considered. We combine Hirschberg alignment with DBSCAN as cluster algorithm to
yield a novel inference mechanism. By applying novel autoconfiguration schemes,
we do not require manually configured parameters for the analysis of an unknown
protocol, as required by earlier approaches.
Results of our evaluations show that our approach has considerable advantages
in message type identification result quality and also execution performance
over previous approaches.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, to be published in IEEE International Conference
on Computer Communications. INFOCOM. Beijing, China, 202
ΠΠΎΡΠ·ΠΈΡ Π°Π±ΡΡΡΠ΄Π° Π² Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅: ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ
Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π°Π±ΡΡΡΠ΄Π°. ΠΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ·ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π±ΡΡΡΠ΄Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Glycosylated hemoglobin as a screening test for hyperglycemia in antipsychotic-treated patients: A follow-up study
Purpose: To assess the point prevalence of undetected prediabetes (preDM) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients treated with antipsychotics and to compare metabolic parameters between patients with normoglycemia (NG), preDM, and DM. Furthermore, conversion rates for preDM and DM were determined in a 1-year follow-up.Patients and methods: In a naturalistic cohort of 169 patients, fasting glucose (FG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) criteria were applied at baseline and at follow-up after 1 year. A distinction was made between baseline patients diagnosed according to FG (B-FG) and those diagnosed according to HbA1c (B-HbA1c). Conversion rates in the 1-year follow-up were compared between B-FG and B-HbA1c.Results: At baseline, preDM and DM were present in 39% and 8%, respectively. As compared to patients with NG, metabolic syndrome was significantly more prevalent in patients with preDM (62% vs 31%). Although the majority of patients were identified by the FG criterion, HbA1c contributed significantly, especially to the number of patients diagnosed with preDM (32%). Regarding the patients with preDM, conversion rates to NG were much higher in the B-FG group than in the B-HbA1c group (72% vs 18%). In patients diagnosed with DM, conversion rates were found for B-FG only.Conclusion: PreDM and DM are highly prevalent in psychiatric patients treated with antipsychotic drugs. HbA1c was shown to be a more stable parameter in identifying psychiatric patients with (an increased risk for) DM, and it should therefore be included in future screening instruments
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