Evidence for divergent selection between the molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae: role of predation

The molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae are undergoing speciation. They are characterized by a strong assortative mating and they display partial habitat segregation. The M form is mostly found in flooded/irrigated areas whereas the S form dominates in the surrounding areas, but the ecological factors that shape this habitat segregation are not known. Resource competition has been demonstrated between species undergoing divergent selection, but resource competition is not the only factor that can lead to divergence. In a field experiment using transplantation of first instar larvae, we evaluated the role of larval predators in mediating habitat segregation between the forms. We found a significant difference in the ability of the molecular forms to exploit the different larval sites conditioned on the presence of predators. In absence of predation, the molecular forms outcompeted each other in their respective natural habitats however, the developmental success of the M form was significantly higher than that of the S form in both habitats under predator pressure. Our results provide the first empirical evidence for specific adaptive differences between the molecular forms and stress the role of larval predation as one of the mechanisms contributing to their divergence.https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-8-

Nonlocal Kinetic Equation and Simulations of Heavy Ion Reactions

A kinetic equation which combines the quasiparticle drift of Landau's equation with a dissipation governed by a nonlocal and noninstantaneous scattering integral in the spirit of Enskog corrections is discussed. Numerical values of the off-shell contribution to the Wigner distribution, of the collision duration and of the collision nonlocality are presented for different realistic potentials. On preliminary results we show that simulations of quantum molecular dynamics extended by the nonlocal treatment of collisions leads to a broader proton distribution bringing the theoretical spectra closer towards the experimental values than the local approach.Comment: Proceedings of the Erice School, published as Vol. 42 of "Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics" by ELSEVIE

Die Ausbildung in Gesundheitspolitik und -management an der Harvard School of Public Health

Bibliothek Weltwirtschaft Kiel C 139595 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Optimale Intensitaetssteuerung horizontal und vertikal differenzierter Gesundheitsprogramme

Bibliothek Weltwirtschaft Kiel C 149516 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Distribution of developmental time of the molecular forms in each habitat (by sex)

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Evidence for divergent selection between the molecular forms of : role of predation"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/8/5</p><p>BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008;8():5-5.</p><p>Published online 11 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2217532.</p><p></p> Developmental Time was measured from transplantation of first instar to adult. The box extends between the 25and the 75percentile (across the inter quartile range – IQR) and the median is denoted by a thick line. The whiskers extend up to the most extreme value, up to 1.5 times the IQR and values located over 2 IQR from the median are shown. The triangles extend from the mean (base) to 1 SD (tip)