Normprobleme bei der Pluralbildung fremder und nativer Substantive

The paper takes the German noun plural formation as an example for different cases of doubt and shows in which circumstances German speakers can have problems to create the "normal" plural form corresponding to the standard. The paper distinguishes between native and non native plural forms. The cases of doubt within the former can be shown to result from either natural change which leads to a reduction of plural classes and explains the decline of the er- and the umlaut plural, or from a strategy of compensation which replaces the non iconic 0-plural by forms in -n or -s. The problems with the non native nouns varying between a plural form in -s and one ending in a schwa suffix are shown to be the consequence of the ongoing assimilation process. The -s is in complementary distribution with the native schwa suffixes of German and a means of integration: The non-syllabic -s allows for highly corresponding, "conservative" forms similar to the singular by adding only a segment, not a syllable to the stem. By contrast, a native plural with a syllabic suffix alters more or less severely the phonological shape of the base. The alterations yield a continuum of similarity that are demonstrated in a diagram. The paper shows that this distribution is functionally motivated. Loan words, nouns not yet fully established in the speech community, can only be altered in their phonological structure after they have gained a certain degree of familiarity. Only the established borrowings apply -en or -e because these allow "better" plural forms as to prosodic and phonological constraints, i.e. trochaic forms without consonant clusters and superheavy syllables. Finally, the paper discusses the consequences of this variation for the layers of the lexicon and for the grammar of German. Three appendixes indicate the statistical development of the plural classes during the last century, token frequencies of some examples and regional differences in the use of the variants

CeCar: A platform for research, development and education on autonomous and cooperative driving

International audienceIn this paper, we introduce CeCar as an affordable model-car based platform supporting research, development and education in the field of autonomous and cooperative driving. We present the application-oriented use cases and key platform requirements , and explain the logical and technical architecture of the CeCar platform, alongside with details on the underlying mod-ularity concept. Subsequently, we introduce CeCar application scenarios for the areas research, development and education, and provide relevant application examples. Further, we discuss the CeCar platform concept in comparison with other model-car based education and research platforms, and outline planned future work on the CeCar platform

Affected Experiencers

Numerous languages permit an NP that is not selected by the verb to be added to a clause, with several different possible interpretations. We divide such non-selected arguments into possessor, benefactive, attitude holder, and affected experiencer categories, on the basis of syntactic and semantic differences between them. We propose a formal analysis of the affected experiencer construction. In our account, a syntactic head Aff(ect) introduces the experiencer argument, and adds a conventional implicature to the effect that any event of the type denoted by its syntactic sister is the source of the experiencer’s psychological experience. Hence, our proposal involves two tiers of meaning: the at-issue meaning of the sentence, and some not-at-issue meaning (an implicature). A syntactic head can introduce material on both tiers. Additionally, we allow two parameters of variation: (i) the height of the attachment of Aff, and (ii) how much of the semantics is at-issue and how much is an implicature. We show that these two parameters account for the attested variation across our sample of languages, as well as the significant commonalities among them. Our analysis also accounts for significant differences between affected experiencers and the other types of non-selected arguments, and we also note a generalization to the effect that purely not-at-issue non-selected arguments can only be weak or clitic pronouns

Variation in the acquisition of German plural morphology by second language learners

Variation in the acquisition of German plural morphology by second language learners. - In: How tolerant is universal grammar? / ed. by Rosemarie Tracy ... - Tübingen : Niemeyer, 1994. - S. 267-294. - (Linguistische Arbeiten ; 309

Dativkonstruktionen im Deutschunterricht für Ausländer

Dativkonstruktionen im Deutschunterricht für Ausländer. - In: Rencontre de Germanistes : Rencontre de Germanistes Aix-en- Provence - Avignon 9-18 juillet 1984 : articles / rassemblés par Y. Bertrand ... - [Paris] : Assoc. des Prof. de Langues Vivantes et de l´Enseignement Public, [1986]. - S. 33-4

"Kontrolle" - semantisch gesehen

"Kontrolle" - semantisch gesehen : zur Interpretation von Infinitivkomplementen im Dt. - In: Deutsche Sprache. 17. 1989. S. 206-22

Die Pluralbildung im Deutschen - ein Versuch im Rahmen der Optimalitätstheorie

Die Pluralbildung im Deutschen ist nicht chaotisch, aber komplex. Unabhängig davon, ob man für die Pluralbildung Regeln, Schemata oder die Wortstruktur als Erklärungsmodell benutzt, bleibt die Tatsache einer beachtlichen Zahl miteinander konkurrierender Formen zu erklären. Dies gilt schon deshalb, weil die Variation unter den Pluralformen wohl mit dazu beiträgt, dass trotz der Arbeiten von Mugdan 1977 und Köpcke 1987, 1993, der klaren Darstellung des Pluralsystems in vielen Grammatiken, z.B. Eisenberg 1986, 1989, 1998 noch immer bisweilen die Meinung besteht, die Pluralbildung im Deutschen sei arbiträr.Es soll gezeigt werden, dass das Pluralsystem des Deutschen nach Beschränkungen aufgebaut ist, die morphologischer und silbenphonologischer Natur sind und sich im Rahmen der Optimalitätstheorie (OT) beschreiben lassen. Die OT nimmt an, dass Wortformen universalen Beschränkungen (Constraints) unterliegen, und dass diese prinzipiell verletzbar sind. Ich werde zunächst die für die Pluralbildung relevanten Beschränkungen definieren, dann an heimischen Pluralformen und -varianten ihr Zusammenwirken zeigen und schließlich den Assimilationsprozess von Fremdwörtern mit Hilfe dieser Beschränkungen und der Beschränkungshierarchien zu erklären versuchen. Daran werden schließlich Überlegungen zu Verarbeitung und Lernbarkeit der Pluralformen geknüpft

Spracherwerb und Universalgrammatik

Spracherwerb und Universalgrammatik. - In: Daigakuin-bungakukenkyuka : Bulletin of the Graduate Division of Literature of Waseda University. 35. 1989. S. 47-5

Gibt es im Deutschen ein indirektes Objekt?

Gibt es im Deutschen ein indirektes Objekt? - In: Deutsche Sprache. 14. 1986. S. 12-2