The effect of ethnicity on facial anthropometry in Northern Iran

Introduction: The evaluation and measurement of human body dimensions are achieved by physical anthropometry. Cephalometery is a branch of anthropometry science in which the head and face anatomical dimensions are measured. This research was conducted in view of the importance of anthropometric indices of the face in forensic medicine, surgery, paediatrics and medical imaging. Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was set up to determine and compare the face shapes in Fars and Turkman ethnic groups of 808 normal 17- to 20-year-old males and females in Gorgon, North Iran (Fars group 407, male 200 and female 207; Turkman group 401, male 198 and female 203). The length and width of faces were determined by using classic cephalometery technique with Martin spreading callipers, and the shape of faces in the ethnic group of Fars and Turkman in both sexes was compared. Results: The dominant type of face shape in both the native Fars and Turkman females was euryprosopic (37.7 and 51.7 percent, respectively). The dominant type of face shape in the native Fars and Turkman males was mesoprosopic (44 and 38.4 percent, respectively). Conclusion: This study determined the possible effect of ethnicity on the diversity of face shapes in young males and females in this region

Radiation-induced lowered neurogenesis associated with shortened latency of inhibitory avoidance memory response

The neural system is less sensitive to radiation than other late-responding organs and tissues such as the kidney and lung. The generation of new neurons in the adult mammalian brain has been documented in several works. Many studies show that adult hippocampal neurogenesis relates to hippocampal function, in several ways. In this study, we assessed the effect of single and fractionated cobalt radiation on neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation. The irradiation time for delivering 2 Gy (for fractionated dose radiation) and 10 Gy (for single dose radiation) at maximum depth were respectively 1.98 min and 9.92 min. To study the association with memory function we examined inhibitory avoidance memory using a step-through device. Brains were withdrawn and fixed, and then sections were stained with cresyl violet for neurons. We found that a 10 Gy dose can induce lower neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (p < 0.05), in such a way that a fractionated dose (5 fractions of 2 Gy) is more effective than a single dose (one fraction of 10 Gy). Moreover, a fractionated dose could reduce step-through latency corresponding to damaged inhibitory avoidance memory (p < 0.05). Synergic action of an anaesthetic drug may be the cause of more reduction of neurogenesis in fractionated irradiated rats. There was no significant difference in latency of the inhibitory avoidance memory response between the single 10 Gy group and the sham group, while fractionated 10 Gy could reduce latency. Different mechanisms of action in the two regimens of irradiation may be a reason

Assessment of babA2 and hsp genotype frequency in Helicobacter pylori specimens isolated from digestive disorders patients

Background and Objective: Helicobacter pylori is the main gastric pathogen in human. BabA2 and Hsp genotypes are essential for enormous clinical outcomes in gastreodeoneal and dyspepsia. This study was done to determine the assessment of babA2 and hsp genotype frequency in Helicobacter pylori specimens isolated from digestive disorders patients. Method: This descriptive-analytic study was carried out on 80 digestive disorders patients in 5 th hospital, Gorgan, northern Iran. Stomach specimen biopsy was taken by a gastroenterologist. Urease test, histopathologic assessment and DNA extraction were performed. The frequency of babA2 and hsp genotypes was determined using poly merase chain reaction. Results: In 80 affected patients with H.pylori, 36, 18 and 26 patients were found to suffer from gastritis, stomach cancer and stomach ulcer, respectively. 51 specimens (63%) were positive babA2 genotype. 49 specimens (61%) were positive hsp genotype. No significant relationship was found between babA2 and hsp geno types with stomach diseases. Conclusion: In spite of positive babA2 and hsp genotype in isolated Helicobacter pylori speicments from digestive disorders patients, this finding was not correlated with type of digestive disorders

Cost-effectiveness of Methadone Maintenance Treatment in prevention of HIV among drug users in Shiraz, south of Iran

Background: The increase in high-risk injections and unsafe sexual behaviors has led to increased HIV infection prevalence among Intravenous Drug Users (IDUs). The high costs of HIV/AIDS care and low financial resources necessitate an economic evaluation to make the best decision for the control of HIV/AIDS. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the cost-effectiveness of Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) centers in HIV infection prevention among drug users. Materials and Methods: In this interventional study, we included all the seven MMT centers and the drug users registered there (n = 694). We calculated all the costs imposed on the government, i.e. Provider of case. Mathematical models were used to estimate the number of HIV cases averted from high-risk behaviors. Sensitivity analyses were performed to show the effects of uncertainty in parameters on the number of HIV cases averted and also Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER). Results: Based on the averted models, the selected MMT centers could prevent 128 HIV cases during 1 year. The total cost was $547423 and that of HIV/AIDS care in the no intervention scenario was estimated$ 14171816. ICER was $106382 per HIV case averted. The results of the sensitivity analysis indicated that MMT intervention was cost-effective even in the worst scenario and ICER varied from$ 39149 to $ 290004 per HIV case averted. Conclusions: With regard to the high prevalence of drug injection among drug users and considering the high effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of MMT centers in preventing HIV infection, establishment of MMT centers in regional and national levels seems reasonable. © 2013, Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal

Epidemiology of urinary tract infection and antibiotic resistance pattern of E. coli in patients referred to Imam Ali hospital in Farokhshahr, Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari, Iran

زمینه و هدف: عفونت دستگاه ادراری یکی از شایع ترین عفونت های بیمارستانی است که الگوی مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی آن در مناطق گوناگون متفاوت است. هدف این مطالعه تعیین فراوانی عوامل باکتریال ایجاد کننده عفونت ادراری و الگوی حساسیت و مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی اشرشیاکلی (E. coli) در مراجعین سرپایی به مجتمع بیمارستانی امام علی(ع) فرخشهر بود. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی تحلیلی، در یک مدت 5 ماهه (بهمن1390 تا خرداد 1391) از تعداد 848 نفر بیمار مشکوک به عفونت ادراری مراجعه کننده به بیمارستان امام علی(ع)، نمونه ادرار جمع آوری شد. پس از جدا سازی عامل عفونت، با روش Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute آزمون حساسیت به آنتی بیوتیک انجام شد. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون آماری مجذور کای تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. یافته ها: از میان 848 نمونه واجد شرایط، نتیجه آزمایش کشت ادرار 74 نفر (72/8) مثبت بود. باکتری E.coli با 52 مورد (27/70) و باکتری استافیلوکوکوس با 15 مورد (27/20) شایع ترین باکتری‌های جداسازی شده بودند. از 52 نفر آلوده به باکتری E.coli 34 نفر (38/65) زن و 18 نفر (62/34) مرد بودند. بر اساس نتایج آنتی بیوگرام بیشترین موارد مقاومت، به ترتیب مربوط به آنتی بیوتیک آمپی سیلین (71/85)، نالیدیسیک اسید (78/78) و سیپروفلاکسین (51/46) بود. از سوی دیگر، بیشترین حساسیت مربوط به آنتی بیوتیک های نیتروفورانتوئین (30/92)، آمیکاسین (67/66) و جنتامایسین (50/62) بود. بیشترین موارد عفونت در رده ی سنی بالاتر از 47 سال مشاهده گردید. نتیجه گیری: آمپی سیلین و نیتروفورانتوئین به ترتیب دارای بیشترین میزان مقاومت و حساسیت آنتی بیوتیکی بوده اند و براساس نتایج بدست آمده، درمان تجربی با آمپی سیلین در اکثر بیماران مبتلا به عفونت ادراری مناسب نیست

EVALUATION OF THE RELATION BETWEEN PELVIC FRACTURE AND ABDOMINAL COMPARTMENT SYNDROME IN TRAUMA PATIENTS WHO REFERED TO NEMAZEE HOSPITAL IN SHIRAZ

Introduction & Objective: Multiple factors can lead to increase in acute abdominal pressure and Abdominal Compartment Syndrome (ACS), such as increase in retroperitoneal volume due to pancreatitis, bleeding and edema due to pelvic fracture. It is observed that sometimes pelvic ring fracture or an open book fracture of pelvic can cause a huge pelvic hematoma in retroperitoneal space that causes abdominal compartment syndrome. Primary ACS problem is often observed during the first 24 hours after sever abdominal and pelvic trauma and surgery. Clinicians, especially nurses, should remember the risk factors for intra abdomen hypertension and should be vigilant to avoid the progression to abdominal compartment syndrome. By measuring the Intra-abdominal pressure through the bladder, we can provide a quick and accurate assessment of abdominal pressure changes and this can be performed by emergency or critical care nurses without a specific medical order or sophisticated invasive monitoring equipment. Regarding this matter that ACS is a very lethal condition. This study’s survey had the intention of finding the relationship between pelvic fracture and abdominal compartment syndrome in trauma patients who refer to Nemazee hospital in Shiraz. Materials & Methods: This research was a descriptive- analytical study that was performed to survey the relationship between pelvic fracture and abdominal compartment syndrome in patients with severe abdominal trauma and pelvic fracture in Nemazee hospital in 2008. Tools for data collection included check list consisting of demographic information and other data required for this research and also intra abdominal pressure (IAP) measurement instruments. The IAP was measured in patients with abdominal trauma who referred to emergency ward via folley catheter indwelling in bladder and pelvic fracture confirmed with pelvic X-ray. Collected data was analyzed by using SPSS software. Results: Of 100 patients with abdominal trauma referred whose abdominal pressure was measured, 28 patients had abdominal compartment syndrome. According to associated injury with abdominal trauma 19% of all patient (19 persons) and 46.42% of the patient with abdominal compartment syndrome (13 persons) had pelvic fracture. Using of qi-sqare test revealed that the relationship between pelvic fracture and incidence rate of abdominal compartment syndrome was significant (P < 0.001). Conclusions: According to our collected data pelvic fracture due to trauma can one of the important causes of increase intra abdominal pressure and abdominal compartment syndrome. In this lethal condition prevention is better than cure. By serial measuring, the Intra abdominal pressure through the bladder in patients at risk, such as pelvic fracture by trauma, nurses can recognize this condition and decrease incidence of mortality

RELATIONSHIP OF ASSESS SELF-ESTEEM AND LOCUS OF CONTROL WITH QUALITY OF LIFE DURING TREATMENT STAGES IN PATIENTS REFERRING TO DRUG ADDICTION REHABILITATION CENTERS.

OBJECTIVE Thus, the present research was carried out aimed at determining the relationship between self-esteem and locus of control and quality of life during treatment stages in the patients referring to drug addiction rehabilitation centers of Borujen city, Iran. METHODS The current study was a sectional research of descriptive correlation type. The research sample was 150 individuals of patients referring to addiction rehabilitation centers of Borujen city. For data gathering, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, Rotter's Locus of Control Scale, and SF36 Quality of Life Questionnaire were used. Following collection of questionnaires, the data were analyzed using SPSS/16 software. RESULTS According to the results, in the 12(th) day of treatment, 96 patients exhibited moderate self-esteem, 102 patients had internal locus of control, and the score of their overall quality of life was 40.43±12.71. Furthermore, Pearson's correlation coefficient indicated that a significant and positive relationship was observed between locus of control and quality of life during different treatment stages. CONCLUSION It seems that quality of life improves during addiction treatment stages due to improvement of personality traits including locus of control and self-esteem. Therefore, consultation methods as a very crucial priority in addiction rehabilitation centers shall be taken into account by the health sector authorities and managers and can play an essential role in enhancing quality of life