Negative diffraction pattern dynamics in nonlinear cavities with left-handed materials

We study a ring cavity filled with a slab of a right-handed material and a slab of a left-handed material. Both layers are assumed to be nonlinear Kerr media. First, we derive a model for the propagation of light in a left-handed material. By constructing a mean-field model, we show that the sign of diffraction can be made either positive or negative in this resonator, depending on the thicknesses of the layers. Subsequently, we demonstrate that the dynamical behavior of the modulation instability is strongly affected by the sign of the diffraction coefficient. Finally, we study the dissipative structures in this resonator and reveal the predominance of a two-dimensional up-switching process over the formation of spatially periodic structures, leading to the truncation of the homogeneous hysteresis cycle.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

Effect of organic manures on the performance of ginger under Northern Dry Zone of Karnataka

A field trial was conducted to assess the effect of different organic manures on the performance of ginger cv. Humnabad. Higher growth, yield and quality attributes were observed in the treatment receiving FYM (25 t ha-1) along with recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) (100 : 50 : 50 kg NPK ha-1) followed by poultry manure (5 t ha-1) along with RDF. Among the treatments, significantly higher fresh rhizome yield was recorded in FYM + RDF (16.52 t ha-1) followed by poultry manure (5 t ha-1) + RDF (16.23 t ha-1) and press mud (10 t ha-1) + RDF (15.47 t ha-1). Net returns per ha ranged between Rs. 1.30 lakh (FYM+RDF) and Rs. 0.48 lakh (Neem cake @ 2 t ha-1). &nbsp

A study of patent thickets

Report analysing whether entry of UK enterprises into patenting in a technology area is affected by patent thickets in the technology area

Constraints on the χ_(c1) versus χ_(c2) polarizations in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV

The polarizations of promptly produced χ_(c1) and χ_(c2) mesons are studied using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in proton-proton collisions at √s=8  TeV. The χ_c states are reconstructed via their radiative decays χ_c → J/ψγ, with the photons being measured through conversions to e⁺e⁻, which allows the two states to be well resolved. The polarizations are measured in the helicity frame, through the analysis of the χ_(c2) to χ_(c1) yield ratio as a function of the polar or azimuthal angle of the positive muon emitted in the J/ψ → μ⁺μ⁻ decay, in three bins of J/ψ transverse momentum. While no differences are seen between the two states in terms of azimuthal decay angle distributions, they are observed to have significantly different polar anisotropies. The measurement favors a scenario where at least one of the two states is strongly polarized along the helicity quantization axis, in agreement with nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics predictions. This is the first measurement of significantly polarized quarkonia produced at high transverse momentum