Counselor-in-Training Self-Efficacy When Working With Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Clients

Researchers highlighted a significant void in existing literature surrounding the preparation of counselors working with the transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) population. The problem addressed is the limited understanding of self-efficacy counselors-in-training (CIT) possess while working with TGNC clients. The purpose of this quantitative study rooted in self-efficacy theory was to examine the relationship between three independent variables: (a) the cumulative time the participant spent as a CIT, (b) the amount of training the CIT received specific to transcompetent counseling practices, and (c) a CIT’s competency in delivering transcompetent counseling, and the dependent variable: a CIT’s self-efficacy in providing transcompetent counseling. Data collection occurred using survey research and convenience sampling. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Affirmative Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale – Short Form, and the Gender Identity Counselor Competency Scale – Revised. Statistical models used included analysis of variance, simple linear regression, Pearson product-moment correlation, and multiple regression. Results indicated statistically significant relationships between time spent as a CIT, amount of transcompetent training received, a CIT’s competency in delivering transcompetent counseling, and the CIT’s self-efficacy in providing transcompetent counseling. Implications might lead counselor educators and supervisors to expand and refine educational and training opportunities for CITs to identify additional avenues to developing competence working with TGNC clients, leading to an increase of self-efficacy while serving the TGNC population in clinical settings

Optical modes in oxide-apertured micropillar cavities

We present a detailed experimental characterization of the spectral and spatial structure of the confined optical modes for oxide-apertured micropillar cavities, showing good-quality Hermite-Gaussian profiles, easily mode-matched to external fields. We further derive a relation between the frequency splitting of the transverse modes and the expected Purcell factor. Finally, we describe a technique to retrieve the profile of the confining refractive index distribution from the spatial profiles of the modes.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

High-performance small vertical-cavity lasers: a comparison of measured improvements in optical and current confinement in devices using tapered apertures

The authors analyze the scaling characteristics of the optical and current confinement for three different vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) structures with tapered apertures. The improvements in scaling have allowed devices with apertures =150 micro W. The combination of low threshold

High-performance small vertical-cavity lasers: a comparison of measured improvements in optical and current confinement in devices using tapered apertures

The authors analyze the scaling characteristics of the optical and current confinement for three different vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) structures with tapered apertures. The improvements in scaling have allowed devices with apertures =150 micro W. The combination of low threshold

Multiple-wavelength vertical-cavity laser arrays based on postgrowth lateral-vertical oxidation of AlGaAs

We demonstrate that combined lateral-vertical oxidn. of AlGaAs can be used to change the resonant wavelength of an optical cavity after the single epitaxial growth. A multiple-wavelength array of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with a 48 nm wavelength span was realized using this technique. [on SciFinder (R)

Postgrowth tuning of semiconductor vertical cavities for multiple-wavelength laser arrays

Combined lateral-vertical oxidn. of AlGaAs was investigated as a means of tuning the resonant wavelength of a semiconductor microcavity after epitaxial growth. This technique can provide arrays with a wavelength spread equal to the cavity's free spectral range with a single postgrowth processing step. Design issues for multiple-wavelength vertical-cavity laser arrays using this postgrowth tuning technique are discussed, comparing the performance of devices with all-semiconductor and partially or totally oxidized Bragg mirrors. Exptl. results are presented on arrays with a 48-nm lasing span around 970 nm, using partially and totally oxidized mirrors. [on SciFinder (R)

Low-threshold multiple-wavelength vertical-cavity laser arrays obtained by post-growth wet oxidation

A mask-defined array of multiple-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with sub-milliamp threshold currents over a 22. nm wavelength span was fabricated with a single epitaxial growth on a conventional substrate. Tuning is achieved by using the combination of lateral and vertical wet oxidn. of an AlGaAs layer inside the cavity. [on SciFinder (R)