886 research outputs found
Defektmissbildungen an den unteren ExtremitÀten
Zusammenfassung: Missbildungen mit Defekten an den unteren ExtremitĂ€ten sind selten. Sie entstehen in der Regel als toxische SchĂ€digung wĂ€hrend der Schwangerschaft zwischen der 4. und der 12.Woche. Es gibt auch solche mit hereditĂ€ren Ursachen. Insgesamt betrĂ€gt die Inzidenz der Defektmissbildungen an den Beinen ca. 18 auf 100.000Neugeborene. Am hĂ€ufigsten sind fibulĂ€re LĂ€ngsdefekte, gefolgt vom kongenitalen Femurdefekt und dem tibialen LĂ€ngsdefekt. LĂ€ngsdefekte sind meist mit Strahldefekten an den FĂŒĂen assoziiert. Seltener ist die kongenitale Tibiapseudarthrose, wobei diese Diagnose in epidemiologischen Studien an Neugeborenen unterschĂ€tzt wird, da sich die Fraktur meist erst nach Gehbeginn ereignet. Andere Defektmissbildungen wie die Blasenexstrophie, der SpaltfuĂ sowie Defekte im Rahmen von Syndromen (Apert-Syndrom, SchnĂŒrringkomplex) sind extrem selten. FĂŒr die Behandlung steht ein breites Spektrum an Möglichkeiten zur VerfĂŒgung. Dieses reicht von Schuherhöhung, orthetischer oder prothetischer Versorgung ĂŒber Umstellungsosteotomien, Arthrodesen, Umkehrplastiken, Amputationen bis zur operativen BeinverlĂ€ngerung. Die Therapie der komplexen DeformitĂ€ten sollte stets in einem Team von Spezialisten mit OrthopĂ€den, OrthopĂ€dietechnikern, Physiotherapeuten, Psychologen, evtl. auch anderen spezialisierten Chirurgen erfolge
Moving an incisor across the midline: A treatment alternative in an adolescent patient
A 13-year-old sought treatment for a severely compromised maxillary left central incisor and an impacted fully developed left canine. Extraction of both teeth became necessary. As the key component of the revised comprehensive treatment plan, the right maxillary central incisor was moved into the position of the left central incisor. All other maxillary teeth were moved mesially to close any gaps. Active orthodontic treatment was completed after 34 months. Frenectomy, minor periodontal surgeries, and bonded lingual retainers were used to improve aesthetics and stabilize the tooth positions. The patient was pleased with the treatment outcome. Cone-beam computed tomography provided evidence that the tooth movement was accompanied by a deviation of the most anterior portion of the median palatine suture. This observation may make relapse more likely if long-term retention cannot be ensured. Root resorption was not observed as a consequence of the major tooth movement. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011;139:533-43
Implant Treatment in the Predoctoral Clinic: A Retrospective Database Study of 1091 Patients
Purpose: This retrospective study was conducted at the Marquette University School of Dentistry to (1) characterize the implant patient population in a predoctoral clinic, (2) describe the implants inserted, and (3) provide information on implant failures.
Materials and Methods: The study cohort included 1091 patients who received 1918 dental implants between 2004 and 2012, and had their implants restored by a crown or a fixed dental prosthesis. Data were collected from patient records, entered in a database, and summarized in tables and figures. Contingency tables were prepared and analyzed by a chi-squared test. The cumulative survival probability of implants was described using a Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Univariate and multivariate frailty Cox regression models for clustered observations were computed to identify factors associated with implant failure.
Results: Mean patient age (±1 SD) at implantation was 59.7 ± 15.3 years; 53.9% of patients were females, 73.5% were Caucasians. Noble Biocare was the most frequently used implant brand (65.0%). Most implants had a regular-size diameter (59.3%). More implants were inserted in posterior (79.0%) than in anterior jaw regions. Mandibular posterior was the most frequently restored site (43%); 87.8% of implants were restored using single implant crowns. The overall implant-based cumulative survival rate was 96.4%. The patient-based implant survival rate was 94.6%. Implant failure risk was greater among patients than within patients (p \u3c 0.05). Age (\u3e65 years; hazard ratio [HR] = 3.2, p = 0.02), implant staging (two-stage; HR = 4.0, p \u3c 0.001), and implant diameter (wide; HR = 0.4, p = 0.04) were statistically associated with implant failure.
Conclusions: Treatment with dental implants in a supervised predoctoral clinic environment resulted in survival rates similar to published results obtained in private practice or research clinics. Older age and implant staging increased failure risk, while the selection of a wide implant diameter was associated with a lower failure risk
Bonding with Self-etching Primers â Pumice or Pre-etch? An \u3cem\u3ein vitro\u3c/em\u3e Study
The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strengths (SBSs) of orthodontic brackets bonded with self-etching primer (SEP) using different enamel surface preparations. A two-by-two factorial study design was used. Sixty human premolars were harvested, cleaned, and randomly assigned to four groups (n = 15 per group). Teeth were bathed in saliva for 48 hours to form a pellicle. Treatments were assigned as follows: group 1 was pumiced for 10 seconds and pre-etched for 5 seconds with 37 per cent phosphoric acid before bonding with SEP (Transbond Plus). Group 2 was pumiced for 10 seconds before bonding. Group 3 was pre-etched for 5 seconds before bonding. Group 4 had no mechanical or chemical preparation before bonding. All teeth were stored in distilled water for 24 hours at 37°C before debonding. The SBS values and adhesive remnant index (ARI) score were recorded. The SBS values (±1 SD) for groups 1â4 were 22.9 ± 6.6, 16.1 ± 7.3, 36.2 ± 8.2, and 13.1 ± 10.1 MPa, respectively. Two-way analysis of variance and subsequent contrasts showed statistically significant differences among treatment groups. ARI scores indicated the majority of adhesive remained on the bracket for all four groups. Pre-etching the bonding surface for 5 seconds with 37 per cent phosphoric acid, instead of pumicing, when using SEPs to bond orthodontic brackets, resulted in greater SBSs
Bonding with Self-etching Primers â Pumice or Pre-etch? An \u3cem\u3ein vitro\u3c/em\u3e Study
The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strengths (SBSs) of orthodontic brackets bonded with self-etching primer (SEP) using different enamel surface preparations. A two-by-two factorial study design was used. Sixty human premolars were harvested, cleaned, and randomly assigned to four groups (n = 15 per group). Teeth were bathed in saliva for 48 hours to form a pellicle. Treatments were assigned as follows: group 1 was pumiced for 10 seconds and pre-etched for 5 seconds with 37 per cent phosphoric acid before bonding with SEP (Transbond Plus). Group 2 was pumiced for 10 seconds before bonding. Group 3 was pre-etched for 5 seconds before bonding. Group 4 had no mechanical or chemical preparation before bonding. All teeth were stored in distilled water for 24 hours at 37°C before debonding. The SBS values and adhesive remnant index (ARI) score were recorded. The SBS values (±1 SD) for groups 1â4 were 22.9 ± 6.6, 16.1 ± 7.3, 36.2 ± 8.2, and 13.1 ± 10.1 MPa, respectively. Two-way analysis of variance and subsequent contrasts showed statistically significant differences among treatment groups. ARI scores indicated the majority of adhesive remained on the bracket for all four groups. Pre-etching the bonding surface for 5 seconds with 37 per cent phosphoric acid, instead of pumicing, when using SEPs to bond orthodontic brackets, resulted in greater SBSs
Requirements for a lead compound to become a clinical candidate
A drug candidate suitable for clinical testing is expected to bind selectively to the receptor site on the target, to elicit the desired functional response of the target molecule, and to have adequate bioavailability and biodistribution to elicit the desired responses in animals and humans; it must also pass formal toxicity evaluation in animals. The path from lead to clinical drug candidate represents the most idiosyncratic segment of drug discovery and development. Each program is unique and setbacks are common, making it difficult to predict accurately the duration or costs of this segment. Because of incidents of unpredicted human toxicity seen in recent years, the regulatory agencies and public demands for safety of new drug candidates have become very strict, and safety issues are dominant when identifying a clinical drug candidate
Diagnosis and treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip in the Netherlands: national questionnaire of paediatric orthopaedic surgeons on current practice in children less than 1Â year old
Isotopic Composition of Solar Wind Calcium: First in Situ Measurement by CELIAS/MTOF on Board SOHO
We present first results on the Ca isotopic abundances derived from the high
resolution Mass Time-of-Flight (MTOF) spectrometer of the charge, element, and
isotope analysis system (CELIAS) experiment on board the Solar and Heliospheric
Observatory (SOHO). We obtain isotopic ratios 40Ca/42Ca = (128+-47) and
40Ca/44Ca = (50+-8), consistent with terrestrial values. This is the first in
situ determination of the solar wind calcium isotopic composition and is
important for studies of stellar modeling and solar system formation since the
present-day solar Ca isotopic abundances are unchanged from their original
isotopic composition in the solar nebula.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figure
Management of slipped capital femoral epiphysis: results of a survey of the members of the European Paediatric Orthopaedic Society
AIM: To determine current practice recommendations for the treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) among members of the European Paediatric Orthopaedic Society (EPOS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire with 4 case vignettes of a 12-year-old boy presenting with a stable and unstable SCFE. Each, stable and unstable slips, was of mild (20° epiphyseal-shaft angle) and of severe (60° epiphyseal-shaft angle) degree was sent to all members of EPOS in 2009 in order to ascertain their views on the best management of SCFE. Specifically, respondents were asked about the role of reduction, methods of fixation, prophylactic fixation of the non-affected hip, postoperative management and their view on the anticipated need for secondary surgery. RESULTS: The response rate was 25% (72/287). The participating surgeons' average workload was 76% in paediatric orthopaedics, with mean 16 years of experience. Surgeons were most consistent in their advice for stable slips, where around 90% of the respondents did not recommend a reduction of the slip regardless of severity of slip. Seventy per cent of the respondents recommended the use of only one screw for fixation of a stable slip and for mild unstable slips. For severe unstable slips, 46% of surgeons recommended reduction only by positioning of the hip on the fracture table, 35% by manipulation and 11% advised open reduction. Responders were less consistent in their advice on the anticipated need for secondary osteotomies (in mild slips about 40% and about 60% in severe slips would advise an osteotomy) and on treatment of the contralateral hip (with 32% of surgeons recommending prophylactic fixation of the contralateral hip). CONCLUSION: Within members of EPOS, there is controversy on several aspects of the management of SCFE particularly on aspects of the treatment of unstable SCFE. SIGNIFICANCE: Members of EPOS predominantly use traditional means of treatment for patients with SCFE. In contrast, the more modern treatment concepts, such as open reduction via surgical dislocation, are rarely used
On the bulk isotopic composition of magnesium and silicon during the May 1998 CME: ACE/SWIMS
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/95217/1/grl11855.pd
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