9 research outputs found
Deposition of Metal Nanoparticles on Phospholipid Multilayer Membranes Modified by Gramicidin
A planar
dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) multilayer phospholipid
membrane was structurally modified by introducing a transmembrane
protein, gramicidin (up to 25 mol %), to study its effect on the metal
nanoparticles deposited on the membrane. Without gramicidin, when
3-nm-thick Ag, Sn, Al, and Au were deposited, the nanoparticles hardly
nucleated on the DPPC membrane in rigid gel state (except for Au);
however, the gramicidin addition dramatically enhanced the DPPC membrane
surface’s affinity for metal atoms so that a dense array of
metal (Ag, Sn, and Au) or metal-oxide (Al-oxide) nanoparticles was
produced on the membrane surface. The particle sizes ranged from 3
to 15 nm depending on the metal and gramicidin concentration, whereas
the particle density was strongly dictated by the gramicidin concentration.
The proposed method provides a convenient, generally applicable synthesis
route for preparing different metal or metal-oxide nanoparticles on
a relatively robust biocompatible membrane
Stabilization of Solid-Supported Phospholipid Multilayer against Water by Gramicidin Addition
It was demonstrated that hydrophobicity
of solid supported planar
dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) phospholipid multilayer can
be greatly increased by incorporating a transmembrane protein, gramicidin,
into the DPPC membrane. The contact angle of deionized water droplet
on the gramicidin-modified DPPC membrane increased from 0° (complete
wetting) without gramicidin to 55° after adding 15 mol % gramicidin.
The increased hydrophobicity of the gramicidin-modified DPPC membrane
allowed the membrane to remain stable at the air/water interface as
well as underwater. The Au nanoparticles deposited on the gramicidin-modified
DPPC membrane reproduced the characteristic surface plasmon resonance
peak after being kept underwater or in phosphate-buffered saline solution
for 5 days, attesting to the membrane stability in an aqueous environment.
The enhanced underwater stability of the lipid multilayer substantially
broadens the potential application of the lipid multilayer which includes
biosensing, enzymatic fuel cell, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy
substrate
Characterization of Sputter-Deposited LiCoO<sub>2</sub> Thin Film Grown on NASICON-type Electrolyte for Application in All-Solid-State Rechargeable Lithium Battery
All-solid-state Li-rechargeable
batteries using a 500 nm-thick LiCoO<sub>2</sub> (LCO) film deposited
on two NASICON-type solid electrolyte substrates, LICGC (OHARA Inc.)
and Li<sub>1.3</sub>Al<sub>0.3</sub>Ti<sub>1.7</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (LATP), are constructed. The postdeposition annealing
temperature prior to the cell assembly is critical to produce a stable
sharp LCO/electrolyte interface and to develop a strong crystallographic
texture in the LCO film, conducive to migration of Li ions. Although
the cells deliver a limited discharge capacity, the cells cycled stably
for 50 cycles. The analysis of the LCO/electrolyte interfaces after
cycling demonstrates that the sharp interface, once formed by proper
thermal annealing, will remain stable without any evidence for contamination
and with minimal intermixing of the constituent elements during cycling.
Hence, although ionic conductivity of the NASICON-type solid electrolyte
is lower than that of the sulfide electrolytes, the NACSICON-type
electrolytes will maintain a stable interface in contact with a LCO
cathode, which should be beneficial to improving the capacity retention
as well as the rate capability of the all-solid state cell
Effect of Temperature and Humidity on Coarsening Behavior of Au Nanoparticles Embedded in Liquid Crystalline Lipid Membrane
Coarsening behavior of the Au nanoparticles produced
by thermal evaporation of Au onto a liquid crystalline lipid (1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane,
DOTAP) membrane was investigated by subjecting the nanoparticle-embedded
DOTAP membrane to two different annealing conditions (at 100 °C
under no humidity and at 20 °C and 80% relative humidity). Although
the coarsening rate was relatively slow because of the low temperature
(from 5.6 nm in the as-deposited state to ∼7 nm after 30 h),
it was identified that at 100 °C without humidity the Au nanoparticles
resulted in shape refinement whereas the high humidity at 20 °C
induced self-organization of the nanoparticles into a monolayer. It
was also found that annealing in both cases tended to segregate the
lipid molecules from the nanoparticle array and forced the nanoparticles
into a tighter area. In the case of the high-humidity sample, the
lipid segregation eventually led to extensive coalescence of the Au
nanoparticles
Influence of Temperature on Lithium–Oxygen Battery Behavior
In this Letter we report an electrochemical
and morphological study
of the response of lithium–oxygen cells cycled at various temperatures,
that is, ranging from −10 to 70 °C. The results show that
the electrochemical process of the cells is thermally influenced in
an opposite way, that is, by a rate decrease, due to a reduced diffusion
of the lithium ions from the electrolyte to the electrode interface,
at low temperature and a rate enhancement, due to the decreased electrolyte
viscosity and consequent increased oxygen mobility, at high temperature.
In addition, we show that the temperature also influences the crystallinity
of lithium peroxide, namely of the product formed during cell discharge
Additional file 1: of Long-term health and germline transmission in transgenic cattle following transposon-mediated gene transfer
Raw data of blood analysis from transgenic cattle. (XLSX 15 kb
Additional file 4: of Long-term health and germline transmission in transgenic cattle following transposon-mediated gene transfer
Figure S3. 5Ⲡjunction sequence analysis of all integration sites in SNU-F1â1. Sequences showing the genome-to-transposon junctions in the genome of SNU-F1â1 and the integration of transgenes at TTAA sites. (PNG 465 kb
Additional file 3: of Long-term health and germline transmission in transgenic cattle following transposon-mediated gene transfer
Figure S2. Detection of the expression of YFP in milk from SNU-SB-1 by confocal microscopy. Images of milk from wild type cattle (left) and SNU-SB-1 (right) taken using a high-throughput confocal microscope. YFP: YFP field. (PNG 1685 kb
Additional file 7: of Long-term health and germline transmission in transgenic cattle following transposon-mediated gene transfer
Figure S5. Overview of genomic variation in SNU-F1â2. Reference chromosomes from bt1 to btX are denoted by colored boxes at the outer edge. Plots denoting copy number variation (CNV; black dot plots in the green area), coverage (green line plot in the green area) and SNP density (orange histogram in orange area) for the SNU-F1â2 genome are shown for each 10Â kb window. (PNG 1244 kb