48 research outputs found
eleanor: An open-source tool for extracting light curves from the TESS Full-Frame Images
During its two year prime mission the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
(TESS) will perform a time-series photometric survey covering over 80% of the
sky. This survey comprises observations of 26 24 x 96 degree sectors that are
each monitored continuously for approximately 27 days. The main goal of TESS is
to find transiting planets around 200,000 pre-selected stars for which fixed
aperture photometry is recorded every two minutes. However, TESS is also
recording and delivering Full-Frame Images (FFIs) of each detector at a 30
minute cadence. We have created an open-source tool, eleanor, to produce light
curves for objects in the TESS FFIs. Here, we describe the methods used in
eleanor to produce light curves that are optimized for planet searches. The
tool performs background subtraction, aperture and PSF photometry,
decorrelation of instrument systematics, and cotrending using principal
component analysis. We recover known transiting exoplanets in the FFIs to
validate the pipeline and perform a limited search for new planet candidates in
Sector 1. Our tests indicate that eleanor produces light curves with
significantly less scatter than other tools that have been used in the
literature. Cadence-stacked images, and raw and detrended eleanor light curves
for each analyzed star will be hosted on MAST, with planet candidates on
ExoFOP-TESS as Community TESS Objects of Interest (CTOIs). This work confirms
the promise that the TESS FFIs will enable the detection of thousands of new
exoplanets and a broad range of time domain astrophysics.Comment: 21 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables, Accepted to PAS
Measured Spin-Orbit Alignment of Ultra-Short Period Super-Earth 55 Cancri e
A planet's orbital alignment places important constraints on how a planet
formed and consequently evolved. The dominant formation pathway of ultra-short
period planets ( day) is particularly mysterious as such planets most
likely formed further out, and it is not well understood what drove their
migration inwards to their current positions. Measuring the orbital alignment
is difficult for smaller super-Earth/sub-Neptune planets, which give rise to
smaller amplitude signals. Here we present radial velocities across two
transits of 55 Cancri e, an ultra-short period Super-Earth, observed with the
Extreme Precision Spectrograph (EXPRES). Using the classical
Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) method, we measure 55 Cnc e's sky-projected stellar
spin-orbit alignment (i.e., the projected angle between the planet's orbital
axis and its host star's spin axis) to be with an unprojected angle of . The best-fit RM model to the EXPRES data has a radial velocity
semi-amplitude of just . The spin-orbit
alignment of 55 Cnc e favors dynamically gentle migration theories for
ultra-short period planets, namely tidal dissipation through low-eccentricity
planet-planet interactions and/or planetary obliquity tides.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, published in Nature Astronom
A warm Jupiter-sized planet transiting the pre-main sequence star V1298 Tau
We report the detection of V1298 Tau b, a warm Jupiter-sized planet ( =
0.91 0.05~ , days) transiting a young solar
analog with an estimated age of 23 million years. The star and its planet
belong to Group 29, a young association in the foreground of the Taurus-Auriga
star-forming region. While hot Jupiters have been previously reported around
young stars, those planets are non-transiting and near-term atmospheric
characterization is not feasible. The V1298 Tau system is a compelling target
for follow-up study through transmission spectroscopy and Doppler tomography
owing to the transit depth (0.5\%), host star brightness ( = 8.1 mag), and
rapid stellar rotation ( = 23 \kms). Although the planet is
Jupiter-sized, its mass is presently unknown due to high-amplitude radial
velocity jitter. Nevertheless, V1298 Tau b may help constrain formation
scenarios for at least one class of close-in exoplanets, providing a window
into the nascent evolution of planetary interiors and atmospheres.Comment: Accepted to A
eleanor: An Open-source Tool for Extracting Light Curves from the TESS Full-frame Images
During its two-year prime mission, the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) will perform a time-series photometric survey covering over 80% of the sky. This survey comprises observations of 26 24° × 96° sectors that are each monitored continuously for approximately 27 days. The main goal of TESS is to find transiting planets around 200,000 pre-selected stars for which fixed aperture photometry is recorded every two minutes. However, TESS is also recording and delivering full-frame images (FFIs) of each detector at a 30-minutes cadence. We have created an open-source tool, eleanor, to produce light curves for objects in the TESS FFIs. Here, we describe the methods used in eleanor to produce light curves that are optimized for planet searches. The tool performs background subtraction; aperture and point-spread function photometry; decorrelation of instrument systematics; and cotrending using principal component analysis. We recover known transiting exoplanets in the FFIs to validate the pipeline and perform a limited search for new planet candidates in Sector 1. Our tests indicate that eleanor produces light curves with significantly less scatter than other tools that have been used in the literature. Cadence-stacked images, and raw and detrended eleanor light curves for each analyzed star will be hosted on Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes, with planet candidates on ExoFOP-TESS as Community TESS Objects of Interest. This work confirms the promise that the TESS FFIs will enable the detection of thousands of new exoplanets and a broad range of time domain astrophysics
The K2 & TESS Synergy II: Revisiting 26 systems in the TESS Primary Mission
The legacy of NASA's K2 mission has provided hundreds of transiting
exoplanets that can be revisited by new and future facilities for further
characterization, with a particular focus on studying the atmospheres of these
systems. However, the majority of K2-discovered exoplanets have typical
uncertainties on future times of transit within the next decade of greater than
four hours, making observations less practical for many upcoming facilities.
Fortunately, NASA's Transiting exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission is
reobserving most of the sky, providing the opportunity to update the
ephemerides for 300 K2 systems. In the second paper of this series, we
reanalyze 26 single-planet, K2-discovered systems that were observed in the
TESS primary mission by globally fitting their K2 and TESS lightcurves
(including extended mission data where available), along with any archival
radial velocity measurements. As a result of the faintness of the K2 sample, 13
systems studied here do not have transits detectable by TESS. In those cases,
we re-fit the K2 lightcurve and provide updated system parameters. For the 23
systems with , we determine the host star parameters
using a combination of Gaia parallaxes, Spectral Energy Distribution (SED)
fits, and MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (MIST) stellar evolution models.
Given the expectation of future TESS extended missions, efforts like the K2 &
TESS Synergy project will ensure the accessibility of transiting planets for
future characterization while leading to a self-consistent catalog of stellar
and planetary parameters for future population efforts.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 29 pages, 9 figures, 12 table