EFFECTS OF BLANCHING ON GRAPES (VITIS VINIFERA) AND CHANGES DURING STORAGE IN SYRUP

This paper studies the effects of conventional and microwave blanching on grapes that are being processed for storage in syrup. An analysis was made of the blanching effects on macro- and micronutrients, as well as on color and mechanical properties. To test the effectiveness of these blanching treatments, enzymatic residual activity was measured for polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and pectinmethylesterase. Both blanching treatments reduced enzyme activity in the grapes, especially polyphenol oxidase (99%). Blanching treatments also caused significant decrease in tartaric acid (TA) also as in color and mechanical changes, more marked in conventional-treated samples. As for the effect of storage, microwave treatment supposed a greater stability of TA and total phenols than conventional one, also as a greater antioxidant activity of grapes. From this point of view, microwave treatment of samples immersed in water can be proposed as a good alternative to conventional heating in boiling water for grapes blanching. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors thank the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional and the Conselleria de Educacion y Ciencia for the financial support given throughout the Projects (AGL 2005-05994 and GV04A-394 AGL 2005-05994). The translation of this paper was funded by the Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Spain.Carranza Concha, J.; Camacho Vidal, MM.; Martínez Navarrete, N. (2012). EFFECTS OF BLANCHING ON GRAPES (VITIS VINIFERA) AND CHANGES DURING STORAGE IN SYRUP. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation. 36(1):11-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4549.2011.00546.xS112036

Design data and safety features of commercial nuclear power plants. Vol. I. Docket No. 50-3 through 50-295

BS>Design data, safety features, and site characteristics are summarized for thirty-two commercial nuclear power plants in the United States. Six pages of data are presented for each plant consisting of Thermal-Hydraulic and Nuclear Factors, Containment Features, Emergency Core Cooling Systems, Site Features, Circulating Water System Data, and Miscellaneous Factors. An aerial perspective is also presented for each plant. Those covered in this volume are Indian Point No. 1, Docket Number 50-3, and all subsequent plants finishing with Zion, Docket Number 50-295. (auth