Life cycle of <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> in a community of the Middle Atlas region, Morocco.

<p>(We thank M. Kachani, College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, for the pictures.)</p

Comparison of Gharbi's and WHO-IWGE ultrasound classifications of CE cysts.

<p>CL, as a potentially parasitic cyst, was not in Gharbi's classification and needs to be differentiated from non-parasitic cysts. This may also happen with CE1 cysts, when the double layer sign is not evident. Also, WHO CE3b had not been explicitly described by Gharbi but could likely be classified as Type III.</p

Severe and life threatening complications of CE.

<p>(A) Biliary obstruction/obstructive cholangitis due to biliary fistulas. (B) Liver abscess formation due to secondary bacterial infection of cysts. (C) Cyst rupture (*) followed by anaphylaxis and secondary echinococcosis. (D) Cysts exerting pressure on vital neighbouring structures (e.g., liver veins resulting in Budd-Chiari Syndrome). (E) Embolism of the right pulmonary artery (arrow) caused by cardiac CE and vascular invasion. (F) CE infestation of the posterior wall of the left heart replacing the myocardial layer at the base of the heart. (We thank W. Hosch, Department of Radiology, and A. Stiehl, Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heidelberg, for the images.).</p

Map of <i>Taenia solium</i> tapeworm carriers and infected pigs in study villages.

<p>(A) Culqui, (B) Cachaco, (C) Puente Quiroz, (D) Tomopampa de Cardal, (E) Algodonal, (F) Buenos Aires, (G) La Saucha.</p

Cumulative probabilities by necropsy levels and EITB bands for pigs ≤8 months old.

*<p>Estim. = cumulative probability estimation.</p>**<p>95% CI = 95% confidence interval.</p

Seroincidence of antibodies against <i>Taenia solium</i> cysticercosis among pigs born during the study period.

<p>† Generalized estimating equations adjusted for household clustering, age and sex of pig, and presence of latrine or corral.</p

Distribution of EITB bands for porcine cysticercosis by two age categories.

a,b<p>Statistically different between ≤8 and >8 months old pigs at 3 EITB-bands caterogy.</p>c,d<p>Statistically different between ≤8 and >8 months old pigs at 4+ EITB bands category.</p

Predicted probabilities of necropsy status by EITB-number of bands and pig age-categories.

<p>Predicted probabilities of necropsy status by EITB-number of bands and pig age-categories.</p