19 research outputs found
Features of Muon Arrival Time Distributions of High Energy EAS at Large Distances From the Shower Axis
In view of the current efforts to extend the KASCADE experiment
(KASCADE-Grande) for observations of Extensive Air Showers (EAS) of primary
energies up to 1 EeV, the features of muon arrival time distributions and their
correlations with other observable EAS quantities have been scrutinised on
basis of high-energy EAS, simulated with the Monte Carlo code CORSIKA and using
in general the QGSJET model as generator. Methodically various correlations of
adequately defined arrival time parameters with other EAS parameters have been
investigated by invoking non-parametric methods for the analysis of
multivariate distributions, studying the classification and misclassification
probabilities of various observable sets. It turns out that adding the arrival
time information and the multiplicity of muons spanning the observed time
distributions has distinct effects improving the mass discrimination. A further
outcome of the studies is the feature that for the considered ranges of primary
energies and of distances from the shower axis the discrimination power of
global arrival time distributions referring to the arrival time of the shower
core is only marginally enhanced as compared to local distributions referring
to the arrival of the locally first muon.Comment: 24 pages, Journal Physics G accepte
On inconsistency of experimental data on primary nuclei spectra with sea level muon intensity measurements
For the first time a complete set of the most recent direct data on primary
cosmic ray spectra is used as input into calculations of muon flux at sea level
in wide energy range GeV. Computations have been performed
with the CORSIKA/QGSJET and CORSIKA/VENUS codes. The comparison of the obtained
muon intensity with the data of muon experiments shows, that measurements of
primary nuclei spectra conform to sea level muon data only up to several tens
of GeV and result in essential deficit of muons at higher energies. As it
follows from our examination, uncertainties in muon flux measurements and in
the description of nuclear cascades development are not suitable to explain
this contradiction, and the only remaining factor, leading to this situation,
is underestimation of primary light nuclei fluxes. We have considered
systematic effects, that may distort the results of the primary cosmic ray
measurements with the application of the emulsion chambers. We suggest, that
re-examination of these measurements is required with the employment of
different hadronic interaction models. Also, in our point of view, it is
necessary to perform estimates of possible influence of the fact, that sizable
fraction of events, identified as protons, actually are antiprotons. Study of
these cosmic ray component begins to attract much attention, but today nothing
definite is known for the energies GeV. In any case, to realize whether
the mentioned, or some other reasons are the sources of disagreement of the
data on primaries with the data on muons, the indicated effects should be
thoroughly analyzed
KASCADE-Grande Limits on the Isotropic Diffuse Gamma-Ray Flux between 100 TeV and 1 EeV
KASCADE and KASCADE-Grande were multi-detector installations to measure
individual air showers of cosmic rays at ultra-high energy. Based on data sets
measured by KASCADE and KASCADE-Grande, 90% C.L. upper limits to the flux of
gamma-rays in the primary cosmic ray flux are determined in an energy range of
eV. The analysis is performed by selecting air showers
with a low muon content as expected for gamma-ray-induced showers compared to
air showers induced by energetic nuclei. The best upper limit of the fraction
of gamma-rays to the total cosmic ray flux is obtained at eV with . Translated to an absolute gamma-ray
flux this sets constraints on some fundamental astrophysical models, such as
the distance of sources for at least one of the IceCube neutrino excess models.Comment: Published in The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 848, Number 1. Posted
on: October 5, 201
Test of Hadronic Interaction Models in the Forward Region with KASCADE Event Rates
An analysis of muon and hadron rates observed in the central detector of the
KASCADE experiment has been carried out. The data are compared to CORSIKA
simulations employing the high-energy hadronic interaction models QGSJET,
DPMJET, HDPM, SIBYLL, and VENUS. In addition, first results with the new
hadronic interaction model neXus 2 are discussed. Differences of the model
predictions, both among each other and when confronted with measurements, are
observed. The hadron rates mainly depend on the inelastic cross-section and on
the contribution of diffraction dissociation. The discrepancy between
simulations and measurements at low primary energies around 5 TeV can be
reduced by increasing the non-diffractive part of the inelastic cross-section
of nucleon-air interactions. Examination of hadron multiplicities points
towards harder spectra of secondary pions and kaons needed in the calculations.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, corresponding author: M. Risse, accepted for
publication in J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phy
Kneelike structure in the spectrum of the heavy component of cosmic rays observed with KASCADE-Grande
We report the observation of a steepening in the cosmic ray energy spectrum
of heavy primary particles at about eV. This structure is
also seen in the all-particle energy spectrum, but is less significant. Whereas
the `knee' of the cosmic ray spectrum at eV was assigned
to light primary masses by the KASCADE experiment, the new structure found by
the KASCADE-Grande experiment is caused by heavy primaries. The result is
obtained by independent measurements of the charged particle and muon
components of the secondary particles of extensive air showers in the primary
energy range of to eV. The data are analyzed on a
single-event basis taking into account also the correlation of the two
observables.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted by PRL, published October, 7th, 201