E/E-product data management in consideration of model-based systems engineering

This paper presents objectives for permeable electric/electronics product data management for mechatronic products in consideration of model-based systems engineering from the early product development phase till a lifecycle management. Idiosyncrasies of mechatronic products, requirements engineering, model-based systems engineering, artifact-orientation, and interconnections of artifacts are evaluated and postulate objectives, how artifacts have to be designed in order to support the linkage of model-based systems engineering and product data management (PDM). The objectives, derived from the different theories and requirements to foster permeable PDM, are: i) Identify all existing norms for the development of mechanical, electronic, and software aspects and elaborate how information artifacts have to be defined. ii) (Textual) Requirements have to be technically feasible to be linked to information artifacts and system models already in the early development phase. iii) System models have to be aligned to information artifacts from the models' creation onwards and standardization in exchange formats has to be ensured. iv) Information artifacts with own lifecycles shall alleviate PDM in the early product development phase. v) Interconnections shall ameliorate associativity through capturing process information between single artifacts. A first concept is presented, visualizing the aforementioned objectives and their contribution in the early development process of mechatronic products, how a permeable PDM might be achieved

The Evolution of Compact Binary Star Systems

We review the formation and evolution of compact binary stars consisting of white dwarfs (WDs), neutron stars (NSs), and black holes (BHs). Binary NSs and BHs are thought to be the primary astrophysical sources of gravitational waves (GWs) within the frequency band of ground-based detectors, while compact binaries of WDs are important sources of GWs at lower frequencies to be covered by space interferometers (LISA). Major uncertainties in the current understanding of properties of NSs and BHs most relevant to the GW studies are discussed, including the treatment of the natal kicks which compact stellar remnants acquire during the core collapse of massive stars and the common envelope phase of binary evolution. We discuss the coalescence rates of binary NSs and BHs and prospects for their detections, the formation and evolution of binary WDs and their observational manifestations. Special attention is given to AM CVn-stars -- compact binaries in which the Roche lobe is filled by another WD or a low-mass partially degenerate helium-star, as these stars are thought to be the best LISA verification binary GW sources.Comment: 105 pages, 18 figure

How the Blockchain fosters E/E traceability for MBSE and PLM in distributed engineering collaboration

The purpose of the research paper is to describe how the Blockchain technology can foster traceability of electric/electronics (E/E) information artifacts in product lifecycle management (PLM) with a focus on bridging the gap between model-bases systems engineering (MBSE) and product data management (PDM). Due to automotive development includes many parties, such as original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), suppliers, and new partners, a distribution mechanism for proclamation of changed information artifacts is necessary. The approach compares MBSE methods and identifies which information artifacts created there have to be linked with PDM artifacts. Practical implications for the exchange of data in engineering collaboration with multiple partners are assessed by a first proof of concept with a Blockchain prototype tested with a supplier. The originality of this approach stems from the application of the Blockchain technology in engineering IT, a meta data model to connect MBSE and PDM, and the facilitated inclusion of engineering collaboration partners by those means

Towards a digital twin: How the blockchain can foster E/E-traceability in consideration of model-based systems engineering

Complexity of electric/electronics (E/E) in automobiles increases tremendously due to more connectivity and real-time data processing. Hence, huge volatility of E/E artifacts is the consequence. In order to keep track of all changes made from early systems engineering to late after sales, a permeable traceability in data management systems has to be achieved. Therefore, this elaboration adapts the blockchain technology to achieve traceability of E/E development artifacts from early model-based systems engineering (MBSE) till after sales. By this, MBSE is linked to product data management and the automobile’s configuration is known at each instant of time. The Digital Twin, a digital, domain-specific representation of the physical vehicle in one front end tool, makes the complexity still feasible to handle and is empowered by the blockchain. Hence, traceability of E/E artifacts over an automobile’s lifecycle including MBSE is fostered in a manageable manner

Digital Twin-Konzeption in der Automobilindustrie: Einsatzpotenziale der Blockchain-Technologie

Digital Twins stehen stellvertretend für innovative IT-Konzepte, die gegenwärtig im Sinne der digitalen Transformation Branchen wie den Automobilbau revolutionieren. Ihr jeweiliges Ziel liegt in der vollständigen Abbildung aller relevanten Charakteristika eines Produkts und damit in einem verbesserten Produktdatenmanagement (PDM). Aus dynamischer Perspektive sind beim Management des Produktlebenszyklus (PLM) verschiedene Phasen zu differenzieren. Bereits bei der Elektrik/Elektronik (E/E)-Entwicklung im Fahrzeugbau muss eine Vielzahl an Informationen zwischen unterschiedlichen (internen und externen) Parteien ausgetauscht und dokumentiert werden. Im Mittelpunkt dieses Artikels steht die Frage, ob die Blockchain-Technologie sich eignet, zugehörige Aktivitäten effizient zu unterstützen bzw. einen Mehrwert gegenüber den klassischen Vorgehensweisen im PDM/PLM zu bieten. Die Evaluierung basiert auf einer qualitativ-methodischen Herangehensweis