Hazard ratios for risk of death by specific causes corresponding to demographic, health-related, and lifestyle variables in the Southern Community Cohort Study.

<p><b>Abbreviations:</b> CI, Confidence Interval; CHC, Community Health Center; GP, General Population; HR, Hazard Ratio; ICD, International Classification of Diseases.</p>a<p>Hazard Ratios adjusted for age (as time-scale), race, sex, enrollment source, alcohol use, depression, smoking, income, education, marital status, employment status, BMI, height, comorbidity index, faith comfort.</p>b<p>Response to question, “Has a doctor ever told you that you have depression or have you been treated for depression?”</p>c<p>Hazard ratio is undefined – no deaths from homicide in the general population enrollees.</p>d<p>Response to question, “How much is religion, faith, or God a source of strength and comfort to you?”</p><p>Hazard ratios for risk of death by specific causes corresponding to demographic, health-related, and lifestyle variables in the Southern Community Cohort Study.</p

Distribution of demographic, lifestyle, and health-related variables for Southern Community Cohort Study participants by race and sex.

<p><b>Abbreviations</b>: CHC, Community Health Center; GP, General Population; ICD, International Classification of Diseases; SD, Standard deviation.</p>a<p>Response to question, “Has a doctor ever told you that you have depression or have you been treated for depression?”</p>b<p>Response to question, “How much is religion, faith, or God a source of strength and comfort to you?”</p><p>Distribution of demographic, lifestyle, and health-related variables for Southern Community Cohort Study participants by race and sex.</p

Rate ratios for external causes of death among the population age 40 and over in the 12 SCCS states, and in the SCCS population, by race and sex.

<p><b>Abbreviations</b>: CI, Confidence Interval; ICD, International Classification of Diseases; SMR, Standardized Mortality Ratio; SCCS, Southern Community Cohort Study</p><p>Panel A: Ratio of the directly standardized rate in the 12 SCCS states (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia) to the directly standardized rate in the remaining 38 states.</p><p>Panel B: Standardized mortality ratio of SCCS population relative to mortality rates in the 12 SCCS states.</p><p>Rate ratios for external causes of death among the population age 40 and over in the 12 SCCS states, and in the SCCS population, by race and sex.</p

Predicted survival probabilities from Cox proportional hazard models of all-cause mortality by COPD status for each of the four race-sex groups.

<p>Predicted survival probabilities from Cox proportional hazard models of all-cause mortality by COPD status for each of the four race-sex groups.</p

All-cause and lung cancer mortality hazard ratios according to COPD status at cohort entry stratified by race and sex.

<p>HR = Hazard Ratio; CI = Confidence Interval; Models are adjusted for coverage time on Medicare or Medicaid, race, income, education, smoking, BMI, CESD-10 score, and comorbidity count. A total of 862 individuals were missing covariates resulting in 26,065 individuals.</p><p>All-cause and lung cancer mortality hazard ratios according to COPD status at cohort entry stratified by race and sex.</p

Descriptive baseline characteristics of study participants according to COPD status (N = 26,927).

<p>*Among current and former smokers</p><p>^†Comorbidities included asthma, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and depression</p><p>^§Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-10 derived score. Score calculated only for participants responding to all 10 questions.</p><p>IQR = Interquartile range.</p><p>Descriptive baseline characteristics of study participants according to COPD status (N = 26,927).</p

Multivariable model of risk factors for all-cause and lung cancer mortality among study participants with CMS-identified COPD (N = 4,074).

<p>HR = Hazard Ratio; CI = Confidence Interval; cpd = cigarettes per day; In addition to the variables in the table, models are also adjusted for coverage time on Medicare or Medicaid.</p><p>Self-reported co-morbidities include diabetes, depression, asthma, and cardiovascular disease.</p><p>Multivariable model of risk factors for all-cause and lung cancer mortality among study participants with CMS-identified COPD (N = 4,074).</p

Projected approximate percentages¹ of participants with diabetes 20 years after entry into the SCCS by sex, race for selected BMI levels.

<p>Projected approximate percentages<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0190993#t004fn001" target="_blank">¹</a> of participants with diabetes 20 years after entry into the SCCS by sex, race for selected BMI levels.</p

Adjusted odd ratios for incident diabetes according to sex, BMI, tobacco and alcohol consumption, comorbidity, and healthy eating and physical activity indices among blacks and whites.

<p>Adjusted odd ratios for incident diabetes according to sex, BMI, tobacco and alcohol consumption, comorbidity, and healthy eating and physical activity indices among blacks and whites.</p

Cumulative diabetes incidence (%) during follow up according to sex, BMI, tobacco and alcohol consumption, comorbidity, and healthy eating and physical activity indices among blacks and whites.

<p>Cumulative diabetes incidence (%) during follow up according to sex, BMI, tobacco and alcohol consumption, comorbidity, and healthy eating and physical activity indices among blacks and whites.</p