Staging The Delinquent, Edwardian Theatre, and The Hooligan

W.S. Gilbert is best known as a dramatist and librettist who produced fourteen comic operas with his collaborator, composer Arthur Sullivan. Less familiar is his last work The Hooligan (1912), one of the first realist representations of the young urban working-class male seen on the twentieth-century British stage. This article explores the Edwardian conditions of social and cultural volatility reflected in the authoring and production of this play. It discusses the period as one where narratives of gender and class that underpin contemporary perspectives were shaped and contested. It demonstrates how hegemonic systems of cultural production created binary distinctions between the ‘ideal’ of the ‘Imperial Youth’ and the alien, working-class ‘other’. Gilbert’s authoring of the working-class male subject and his representation in a commercial theatre were subject to both market controls and middle-class ‘anxieties’. This historical perspective indicates continuities between these factors and the contemporary representation of the young urban working-classes. Martin Heaney is a senior lecturer in Drama, Applied Theatre and Performance at the University of East London. He is co-director of the Centre of Applied and Participatory Arts and has published articles in various journals, including Research in Drama Education. His book chapter ‘Edward Bond and The Representation of Adolescence’ is forthcoming in the Routledge Guide to Theatre for Young People (2021)

Some observations on the pars tuberalis of the hypophysis of the Guinea pig : a light and electron microscopical study

Imperial Users onl

The effects of particle size on the optical properties and surface roughness of a glass-balloon-filled black paint

The effects of particle size on the optical properties and surface roughness of a glass-balloon-filled, carbon-pigmented paint were studied in order to develop a diffuse-reflecting, low-total-reflectance, low-outgassing black paint. Particle sizes ranged between 20 microns and 74 microns. Surface roughness was found to increase with increasing particle size. Relative total reflectance at near-normal incidence (MgO standard) of the filled paints was less than for the unfilled paint between 230 nm and 1800 nm. Total absolute reflectance at 546 nm decreased with increasing particle size at grazing angles of incidence. Near-normal, total emittance was greater for the filled paints than for the unfilled paint. Specularity decreased with increasing particle size over the range studied

Spatial Entanglement From Off-Diagonal Long Range Order in a BEC

We investigate spatial entanglement - particle-number entanglement between regions of space - in an ideal Bosonic gas. We quantify the amount spatial entanglement around the transition temperature for condensation by probing the gas with two localised two-level systems. We show that spatial entanglement in the gas is directly related to filling of the ground state energy level and therefore to the off-diagonal long-range order of the system and the onset of condensation.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. Extended from 4 to 7 pages. More detailed derivations of key formula. Extended introduction and background. Results remain unchange

New spin squeezing and other entanglement tests for two mode systems of identical bosons

For any quantum state representing a physical system of identical particles, the density operator must satisfy the symmetrization principle (SP) and conform to super-selection rules (SSR) that prohibit coherences between differing total particle numbers. Here we consider bi-partitite states for massive bosons, where both the system and sub-systems are modes (or sets of modes) and particle numbers for quantum states are determined from the mode occupancies. Defining non-entangled or separable states as those prepared via local operations (on the sub-systems) and classical communication processes, the sub-system density operators are also required to satisfy the SP and conform to the SSR, in contrast to some other approaches. Whilst in the presence of this additional constraint the previously obtained sufficiency criteria for entanglement, such as the sum of the ˆSx and ˆSy variances for the Schwinger spin components being less than half the mean boson number, and the strong correlation test of |haˆm (bˆ†)ni|2 being greater than h(aˆ†)maˆm (bˆ†)nbˆni(m, n = 1, 2, . . .) are still valid, new tests are obtained in our work. We show that the presence of spin squeezing in at least one of the spin components ˆSx , ˆSy and ˆSz is a sufficient criterion for the presence of entanglement and a simple correlation test can be constructed of |haˆm (bˆ†)ni|2 merely being greater than zero.We show that for the case of relative phase eigenstates, the new spin squeezing test for entanglement is satisfied (for the principle spin operators), whilst the test involving the sum of the ˆSx and ˆSy variances is not. However, another spin squeezing entanglement test for Bose–Einstein condensates involving the variance in ˆSz being less than the sum of the squared mean values for ˆSx and ˆSy divided by the boson number was based on a concept of entanglement inconsistent with the SP, and here we present a revised treatment which again leads to spin squeezing as an entanglement test

Exhaled breath analysis in exercise and health

Research in the field of exhaled breath analysis is developing rapidly and is currently focussed on disease diagnosis and prognosis. The ability to identify early onset of life-threatening diseases, by a subtle change in exhaled profile that is picked up through a non-invasive measure, is of clinical interest. However, implementation of exhaled breath analysis can extend further beyond disease diagnosis and/or management. Using a non-invasive and rapid sample collection with high sensitivity, breath analysis may be seen to have potential benefit to the wider community. This research describes preliminary investigations into exhaled breath in exercise-based scenarios that aims to translate current breath analysis methodologies into a sport and exercise medicine context. An adaptive absorbent-based breath sampling methodology was used to collect a total of 220 breath samples from 54 participants over 3 studies. Breath volatiles were analysed using thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Data were analysed with targeted, and multivariate metabolomics-based approaches. Potential health impacts to high performance and recreational swimmers exposed to chlorinated water was studied. Following preliminary and scoping studies, 19 participants were sampled before a 30 min swim, and a further 5 times for 10 hrs after swimming. Environmental and control samples were also collected. Concentrations of chlorine-based disinfection by-products were observed to increase by up to a median of 121-fold, and take up to 8.5 hrs to return to pre-swimming levels. Metabolomic profiling identified the monoterpene geranylacetone to be a discriminant variable in samples taken 10 hrs after swimming. Geranylacetone is associated with membranes and extracellular fluids and an upregulated trend was observed across the five sampling time points post-swimming. Further research with an appropriately stratified and powered cohort (n=38) was recommended. The effects of intense exercise on breath profiles was explored for the possible use of breath analysis for exercise science with elite performance-based medicine. Twenty-nine participants provided exhaled breath samples before undergoing a maximal oxygen uptake (fitness) test and then provided 2 additional samples over the following 1 hr period. High and low fitness groupings, deemed by oxygen uptake values, were compared for exhaled metabolites. Lower exhaled acetone and isoprene were observed in participants with greater absolute oxygen uptake leading to a hypothesis for a non-invasive breath based fitness test. Finally, an interface for breath-by-breath analysis using a transportable mass spectrometer was developed. A controlled change in exhaled profiles was achieved through the ingestion of a peppermint oil capsule. Menthone was measured on-line and monitored for up to 10 hrs post-administration. Sixteen participants enabled the system to be demonstrated as exhaled menthone was at elevated concentrations for at least 6 hrs. Validation against thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry confirmed the system to be detecting metabolites at the sub-µg L-1 range

Examining the role of Scotland’s telephone advice service (NHS 24) for managing health in the community : analysis of routinely collected NHS 24 data

Date of Acceptance: 15/06/2015 Funding This work was supported by the Chief Scientist Office, ScottishExecutive (grant no. CZH/4/692). Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.Peer reviewedPublisher PD