Economic structure, development policy and environmental quality : an empirical analysis of environmental Kuznets curves with Chinese municipal data

In many cases, the relationship between environmental pollution and economic development can be generally depicted by an inverted U-shaped curve, or an environmental Kuznets curve, where pollution increases with income at the beginning and decreases after a certain level of income. However, what determine the shape of an enviornmental Kuznets curve, such as the height and the turning point of the curve, have not been thoroughly studied. A good understanding of the determinants is vitally important to the development community, especially for the developing world, where income growth is a high priority and yet environmental pollution also needs to be carefully controlled. This study analyzes the impacts of economic structure, development strategy and environmental regulation on the shape of the environmental Kuznets curve with a city-level panel dataset obtained from China. The results show that economic structure, development strategy and environmental regulation can all have important implications on the relationship between environmental environmental quality and economic development but the impacts can be different at different development stages.Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Emerging Markets,Population Policies,Green Issues

Municipal solid waste management in small towns : an economic analysis conducted in Yunnan, China

Municipal solid waste management continues to be a major challenge for local governments in both urban and rural areas across the world, and one of the key issues is their financial constraints. Recently an economic analysis was conducted in Eryuan, a poor county located in Yunnan Province of China, where willingness to pay for an improved solid waste collection and treatment service was estimated and compared with the project cost. This study finds that the mean willingness to pay is about 1 percent of household income and the total willingness to pay can basically cover the total cost of the project. The analysis also shows that the poorest households in Eryuan are not only willing to pay more than the rich households in terms of income percentage in general, but also are willing to pay no less than the rich in absolute terms where no solid waste services are available; the poorest households have stronger demand for public solid waste management services while the rich have the capability to take private measures when public services are not available.Urban Solid Waste Management,Environmental Economics&Policies,Waste Disposal&Utilization,Energy and Environment,Environment and Energy Efficiency

The impact-resistance analysis of a fastening belt of an underwater vehicle life raft

In this paper, the impact resistance of a fastening belt of the underwater vehicle life raft is studied, which is based on Germany BV043/85 standard. Performing finite element simulation for the fastening belt with ANSYS Workbench software. Calculating the deformation and stress distribution of the fastening belt under impact loading. This method can accurately reflect the impact resistance of the fastening belt. Comparing with the design requirements can verify the reliability of the fastening belt

The Probability Evolution of Corporate Control Power

How does the control power of corporate top1 shareholder arise? On the fundamental economics principle, we discover that the probability of top1 shareholder possessing optimal control power evolves in Fibonacci series pattern and emerges as the wave between 1/2 and 2/3 along with time in period of 12h (h is the time distance between the state and state of the evolution). This novel feature suggests the efficiency of the allocation of corporate shareholders' right and power. Data on the Chinese stock market support this prediction

Compact Visibility Representation of Plane Graphs

The visibility representation (VR for short) is a classical representation of plane graphs. It has various applications and has been extensively studied. A main focus of the study is to minimize the size of the VR. It is known that there exists a plane graph $G$ with $n$ vertices where any VR of $G$ requires a grid of size at least (2/3)n x((4/3)n-3) (width x height). For upper bounds, it is known that every plane graph has a VR with grid size at most (2/3)n x (2n-5), and a VR with grid size at most (n-1) x (4/3)n. It has been an open problem to find a VR with both height and width simultaneously bounded away from the trivial upper bounds (namely with size at most c_h n x c_w n with c_h < 1 and c_w < 2$). In this paper, we provide the first VR construction with this property. We prove that every plane graph of n vertices has a VR with height <= max{23/24 n + 2 Ceil(sqrt(n))+4, 11/12 n + 13} and width <= 23/12 n. The area (height x width) of our VR is larger than the area of some of previous results. However, bounding one dimension of the VR only requires finding a good st-orientation or a good dual s^*t^*-orientation of G. On the other hand, to bound both dimensions of VR simultaneously, one must find a good$st$-orientation and a good dual s^*t^*-orientation at the same time, and thus is far more challenging. Since st-orientation is a very useful concept in other applications, this result may be of independent interests

Gradient estimate for solutions of the equation Δpv+avq=0\Delta_p v+av^{q}=0 on a complete Riemannian manifold

In this paper, we use Nash-Moser iteration method to study the local and global behaviours of positive solutions to the nonlinear elliptic equation $\Delta_pv +av^{q}=0$ defined on a complete Riemannian manifolds $(M,g)$ where $p>1$, $a$ and $q$ are constants. Under some assumptions on $a$, $p$ and $q$, we derive gradient estimates and Liouville type theorems for such positive solutions.Comment: some correction