Electrochemically Self-Doped TiO₂ Nanotube Arrays for Supercapacitors

The application of highly ordered TiO₂ nanotube arrays (NTAs) for energy storage devices such as supercapacitors has been attractive and of great interest owing to their large surface area and greatly improved charge-transfer pathways compared to those of nonoriented structures. Modification of the semiconductor nature of TiO₂ is important for its application in constructing high-performance supercapacitors. Hence, the present study demonstrates a novel method involving fabrication of self-doped TiO₂ NTAs by a simple cathodic polarization treatment on the pristine TiO₂ NTAs to achieve improved conductivity and capacitive properties of TiO₂. The self-doped TiO₂ NTAs at −1.4 V (vs SCE) exhibited 5 orders of magnitude improvement on carrier density and 39 times enhancement in capacitance compared to those of the pristine TiO₂ NTAs. Impedance analysis based on a proposed simplified transmission line model proved that the enhanced capacitive behavior of the self-doped TiO₂ NTAs was due to a decrease of charge-transport resistance through the solid material. Moreover, the MnO₂ species was introduced onto the TiO₂ NTAs by an impregnation–electrodeposition method, and the optimal specific capacitance achieved (1232 F g^–1) clearly confirmed the suitability of self-doped TiO₂ NTAs as effective current collector materials for supercapacitors

Table1_Advances in the research of sulfur dioxide and pulmonary hypertension.docx

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a fatal disease caused by progressive pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR). Currently, the mechanisms underlying the occurrence and progression of PVR remain unclear, and effective therapeutic approaches to reverse PVR and PH are lacking. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the endogenous sulfur dioxide (SO2)/aspartate transaminase system has emerged as a novel research focus in the fields of PH and PVR. As a gaseous signaling molecule, SO2 metabolism is tightly regulated in the pulmonary vasculature and is associated with the development of PH as it is involved in the regulation of pathological and physiological activities, such as pulmonary vascular cellular inflammation, proliferation and collagen metabolism, to exert a protective effect against PH. In this review, we present an overview of the studies conducted to date that have provided a theoretical basis for the development of SO2-related drug to inhibit or reverse PVR and effectively treat PH-related diseases.</p

Flexible Cathode Enabled by Ultralong Na₂V₆O₁₆·3H₂O Nanowire for High Rate and Durable Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) have garnered increasing attention owing to their safe aqueous electrolyte and suitable energy and power density. However, the development of appropriate cathode materials for commercialization remains a challenge. Herein, we report a flexible binder-free film cathode composed of hydrated sodium vanadate nanowires and carbon nanotubes (NaVO/CNT). The as-prepared film cathode exhibits a remarkably high rate performance, delivering a capacity of 402 mAh g–1 at 0.1 A g–1 and 284 mAh g–1 at 6 A g–1. Furthermore, excellent long-term stability is achieved with a retention rate of 90.04% after 5000 cycles at 4 A g–1. This cathode demonstrates outstanding performance compared with those of other sodium vanadate-based cathodes in aqueous ZIBs. Additionally, the co(de)insertion mechanism of H+ and Zn2+ ions is verified

Means and standard errors for lignocellulosic components and means for crystallinity for different digestion times, N = 3¹.

1<p>Means with larger standard errors in a column are based on a sample size of N = 2.</p>abcd<p>Means within a column with differing superscripts differ (P<0.05).</p><p>Means and standard errors for lignocellulosic components and means for crystallinity for different digestion times, N = 3^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0114399#nt105" target="_blank">1</a>}.</p

Sugar and ethanol concentrations for 96 h of enzymatic and fermentation for <i>Triarrhena sacchariflora</i> (Maxim.) Nakai pretreated at untreated, A2B1C1D1 (1.5%, 1∶6, 15 min, 110°C), A2B2C2D2 (1.5%, 1∶8, 30 min, 120°C), A2B1C1D2 (1.5%, 1∶6, 15 min, 120°C).

<p>Analyses were performed in triplicate with the error bars representing the corresponding standard errors.</p

Results of the incomplete factorial experiment evaluating dilute H₂SO₄ pretreatment for <i>Triarrhena sacchariflora</i> (Maxim.) Nakai.

<p>K1 = Sum of index value of factor1, K2 =  Sum of index value of factor2, K1-bar = K1/2, K2-bar = K2/2.</p><p>Results of the incomplete factorial experiment evaluating dilute H₂SO₄ pretreatment for <i>Triarrhena sacchariflora</i> (Maxim.) Nakai.</p

Effect of dilute H₂SO₄ pretreatment on sugar concentration at (A) different H₂SO₄ concentrations with fixed forage:sulfuric acid ratio (1∶8), fixed digestion time (30 min), and fixed digestion temperature (120°C); (B) different forage:sulfuric acid ratios with fixed H₂SO₄ concentration (1.5%), fixed digestion time (30 min), and fixed digestion temperature (120°C); (C) different digestion times with fixed H₂SO₄ concentration (1.5%), fix forage:sulfuric acid ration (1∶8), and fixed digestion temperature (120°C); and (D) different digestion temperatures with fixed H₂SO₄ concentration (1.5%), fixed forage:sulfuric acid ratio (1∶8), and fixed digestion time (30 min) for <i>Triarrhena sacchariflora</i> (Maxim.) Nakai.

<p>Analyses were performed in triplicate with the error bars representing the corresponding standard errors.</p

Incomplete factorial experimental design of <i>Triarrhena sacchariflora</i> (Maxim.) Nakai with dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment.

<p>Incomplete factorial experimental design of <i>Triarrhena sacchariflora</i> (Maxim.) Nakai with dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment.</p

Single factor experimental design of <i>Triarrhena sacchariflora</i> (Maxim.) Nakai with dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment.

<p>Single factor experimental design of <i>Triarrhena sacchariflora</i> (Maxim.) Nakai with dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment.</p

Means and standard errors for lignocellulosic components and means for crystallinity for different forage:sulfuric acid ratios, N = 3¹.

1<p>Means with larger standard errors in a column are based on a sample size of N = 2.</p>abc<p>Means within a column with differing superscripts differ (P<0.05).</p><p>Means and standard errors for lignocellulosic components and means for crystallinity for different forage:sulfuric acid ratios, N = 3^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0114399#nt103" target="_blank">1</a>}.</p