Distribution of self-rated health (SRH) before and after adjustment using anchoring vignettes.

<p>Distribution of self-rated health (SRH) before and after adjustment using anchoring vignettes.</p

Descriptive statistics.

<p>Descriptive statistics.</p

Two-level ordinal logistic regression estimates (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals) and variance components with adjusted self-rated health (SRH) as outcome variables.

<p>^aAt the individual level, these models adjusted demographic variables (including sex, age and marital status), socio-economic variables (including Hukou, migrant status, educational attainment, employment, natural logarithm of personal income, subjective socio-economic status) and health risk factors (including health insurance, Body Mass Index, heavy smoking and heavy drinking); at the community level, they adjusted community economic status.</p><p>⁺ p<0.10;</p><p>^* p<0.05;</p><p>^** p<0.01;</p><p>^*** p<0.001.</p><p>SC referred to social capital.</p><p>Two-level ordinal logistic regression estimates (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals) and variance components with adjusted self-rated health (SRH) as outcome variables.</p

Text of self-rated health and vignettes questions and response options.

<p>Text of self-rated health and vignettes questions and response options.</p

All situations with two vignettes: this table gives calculations for the nonparametric estimator C for all possible situations with two vignette responses, v1 and v2, and a self-rated health response, y^a.

<p>^a The table was adapted from “King G, Wand J. Comparing Incomparable Survey Responses: Evaluating and Selecting Anchoring Vignettes. Political Analysis. 2007;15(1):46–66”. As shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0142300#pone.0142300.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>, vignette 1 described a person with better health than that in vignette 2. Thus, the response to vignette 1 (v₁) was expected to be smaller than that to vignette 2 (v₂). The situation of v1 being equal to v2 was called tied. The situation of v1 being bigger than v2 was called inconsistently ordered vignette response. In this analysis, we treated the tied values and inconsistently ordered vignette responses as missing values. Moreover, y represented the response to self-rated health question; ‘/’ represented missing value.</p><p>All situations with two vignettes: this table gives calculations for the nonparametric estimator C for all possible situations with two vignette responses, v1 and v2, and a self-rated health response, y<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0142300#t002fn001" target="_blank">^a</a>.</p

Two-level ordinal logistic regression estimates (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals) and variance components with self-rated health (SRH) as outcome variables.

<p>^aAt the individual level, these models adjusted demographic variables (including sex, age and marital status), socio-economic variables (including Hukou, migrant status, educational attainment, employment, natural logarithm of personal income, subjective socio-economic status) and health risk factors (including health insurance, Body Mass Index, heavy smoking and heavy drinking); at the community level, they adjusted community economic status.</p><p>⁺ p<0.10;</p><p>^* p<0.05;</p><p>^** p<0.01;</p><p>^*** p<0.001.</p><p>SC referred to social capital.</p><p>Two-level ordinal logistic regression estimates (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals) and variance components with self-rated health (SRH) as outcome variables.</p

Silver-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylation of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids in Aqueous Solution

Direct decarboxylative radical allylation of aliphatic carboxylic acids is described. With K₂S₂O₈ as the oxidant and AgNO₃ as the catalyst, the reactions of aliphatic carboxylic acids with allyl sulfones in aqueous CH₃CN solution gave the corresponding alkenes in satisfactory yields under mild conditions. This site-specific allylation method is applicable to all primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl acids and exhibits wide functional group compatibility

Single Cell Total RNA Sequencing through Isothermal Amplification in Picoliter-Droplet Emulsion

Prevalent single cell RNA amplification and sequencing chemistries mainly focus on polyadenylated RNAs in eukaryotic cells by using oligo­(dT) primers for reverse transcription. We develop a new RNA amplification method, “easier-seq”, to reverse transcribe and amplify the total RNAs, both with and without polyadenylate tails, from a single cell for transcriptome sequencing with high efficiency, reproducibility, and accuracy. By distributing the reverse transcribed cDNA molecules into 1.5 × 10⁵ aqueous droplets in oil, the cDNAs are isothermally amplified using random primers in each of these 65-pL reactors separately. This new method greatly improves the ease of single-cell RNA sequencing by reducing the experimental steps. Meanwhile, with less chance to induce errors, this method can easily maintain the quality of single-cell sequencing. In addition, this polyadenylate-tail-independent method can be seamlessly applied to prokaryotic cell RNA sequencing

Synthesis of Alumina-Modified Cigarette Soot Carbon As an Adsorbent for Efficient Arsenate Removal

In this study, the alumina (Al₂O₃) modified cigarette soot carbon (CSC) (Al₂O₃/CSC) were fabricated via a simple one-step thermal method using CSC as template. The as-synthesized Al₂O₃/CSC were used as adsorbents for efficient arsenate (As­(V)) elimination. Different weight ratios of Al₂O₃/CSC (Al₂O₃:CSC = 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1) were fabricated, and the corresponding As­(V) removal performance revealed that the synthesized 2Al₂O₃/CSC (mass ratio) possessed the best separation property and the highest adsorption capacity. A natural groundwater sample collected from Togtoh county, Inner Mongolia (China), with an initial concentration of 233 μg/L As­(V) was applied to test the 2Al₂O₃/CSC application in actual groundwater purification. After processing with 2Al₂O₃/CSC, the As­(V) concentration was reduced to 8.0 μg/L, which met the quality standard of World Health Organization (WHO). A regeneration test indicated that the 2Al₂O₃/CSC could be reused for at least six times without significant decrease in the adsorption capacity. The as-synthesized 2Al₂O₃/CSC with the maximum removal capacity of 96.9 mg/g for As­(V) would be a promising material for the efficient removal of As­(V) from groundwater with high As­(V) concentrations in actual applications

Motor Oil Classification Based on Time-Resolved Fluorescence

<div><p>A time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) technique is presented for classifying motor oils. The system is constructed with a third harmonic Nd:YAG laser, a spectrometer, and an intensified charge coupled device (ICCD) camera. Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) measurements are reported for several motor oils. It is found that steady-state fluorescence is insufficient to distinguish the motor oil samples. Then contour diagrams of TRF intensities (CDTRFIs) are acquired to serve as unique fingerprints to identify motor oils by using the distinct TRF of motor oils. CDTRFIs are preferable to steady-state fluorescence spectra for classifying different motor oils, making CDTRFIs a particularly choice for the development of fluorescence-based methods for the discrimination and characterization of motor oils. The two-dimensional fluorescence contour diagrams contain more information, not only the changing shapes of the LIF spectra but also the relative intensity. The results indicate that motor oils can be differentiated based on the new proposed method, which provides reliable methods for analyzing and classifying motor oils.</p></div