30,210 research outputs found
Improved ZZ A Posteriori Error Estimators for Diffusion Problems: Conforming Linear Elements
In \cite{CaZh:09}, we introduced and analyzed an improved Zienkiewicz-Zhu
(ZZ) estimator for the conforming linear finite element approximation to
elliptic interface problems. The estimator is based on the piecewise "constant"
flux recovery in the conforming finite element space. This
paper extends the results of \cite{CaZh:09} to diffusion problems with full
diffusion tensor and to the flux recovery both in piecewise constant and
piecewise linear space.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1407.437
Mutual Information-Maximizing Quantized Belief Propagation Decoding of Regular LDPC Codes
In mutual information-maximizing lookup table (MIM-LUT) decoding of
low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, table lookup operations are used to
replace arithmetic operations. In practice, large tables need to be decomposed
into small tables to save the memory consumption, at the cost of degraded error
performance. In this paper, we propose a method, called mutual
information-maximizing quantized belief propagation (MIM-QBP) decoding, to
remove the lookup tables used for MIM-LUT decoding. Our method leads to a very
efficient decoder, namely the MIM-QBP decoder, which can be implemented based
only on simple mappings and fixed-point additions. Simulation results show that
the MIM-QBP decoder can always considerably outperform the state-of-the-art
MIM-LUT decoder, mainly because it can avoid the performance loss due to table
decomposition. Furthermore, the MIM-QBP decoder with only 3 bits per message
can outperform the floating-point belief propagation (BP) decoder at high
signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regions when testing on high-rate codes with a
maximum of 10-30 iterations
Dynamical interpretation of the wavefunction of the universe
In this paper, we study the physical meaning of the wavefunction of the
universe. With the continuity equation derived from the Wheeler-DeWitt (WDW)
equation in the minisuperspace model, we show that the quantity
for the universe is inversely proportional to the Hubble
parameter of the universe. Thus, represents the probability density
of the universe staying in the state during its evolution, which we call
the dynamical interpretation of the wavefunction of the universe. We
demonstrate that the dynamical interpretation can predict the evolution laws of
the universe in the classical limit as those given by the Friedmann equation.
Furthermore, we show that the value of the operator ordering factor in the
WDW equation can be determined to be
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