Kinematic synthesis of a toy mechanism

Má bakalářská práce se zabývá řešením mechanismů používaných pro animaci figurek a pro pohyb hraček. Na zvoleném příkladu postavičky tlačící zeď je ukázán postup návrhu a optimalizace hnacího mechanismu a celé figurky pro dosažení realistického pohybu. Základem je soustava čtyřkloubových mechanismů propojených převody. Kinematické řešení, optimalizace a animační model jsou vytvořeny v prostředí Matlab.My bachelor thesis deals with the solution of mechanisms used for animation figurines and toy mechanisms. Using the chosen sample - the figurine pushing a wall is shown the design process and the optimization of the drive mechanism and all the body parts to achieve the realistic movement. The basis of the system is the set of four-bar mechanisms synchronized by gears. Kinematics, optimization and animation model are created in Matlab environment

Analysis of Cartographic Method Ablation of Heart

Import 23/08/2017Práce slouží k seznámení a popisu dvou lékařských zákroků včetně popisu přístrojové techniky, která je pro ně nezbytná. Hlavním cílem této studie je vyhodnocení metody měření vektorkardiografem (VKG) u dvou skupin pacientů před a po operaci a následné statistické vyhodnocení těchto zákroků. Jedná se o pacienty s komorovými ektopiemi (KES) a pacienty indikované k resynchronizační terapií (BIV, BIV-ICD). V teoretické části bude kromě základních anatomických popisů podrobně popsán postup jednotlivých zákroků, včetně zdravotnické techniky, která je pro úspěch operací nutná. Zmíněné prostředky jsou použity na pracovišti elektrofyziologie v nemocnici Podlesí a.s. v Třinci. V praktické části se pracuje se dvěma skupinami pacientů. V první skupině bude výsledkem účinnost resynchronizace – Software ResTer. Druhá část se zabývá vývojem programu pro hledání místa vzniku KES pro následnou ablací.This work is used to introduce and describe two medical procedures, including a description of instrumentation that is necessary for them. The main objective of this study is to evaluate methods of measuring Vectorcardiograph (VCG) in two groups of patients before and after surgery and the subsequent statistical evaluation of these interventions. These are patients with ventricular ectopy (KES), and patients who are subject to resynchronization therapy (BIV, BIV-ICD). The theoretical part will be in addition to the basic anatomical descriptions detailing how various interventions, including medical equipment, which is necessary for the success of operations. These resources are used in the workplace of electrophysiology at the hospital Podlesí Inc. Trinec. In the practical part is working with two groups of patients. The first group will result in efficiency resynchronization – Software ResTer. The second part deals with the development program for finding the place of origin KES for subsequent ablation.450 - Katedra kybernetiky a biomedicínského inženýrstvívýborn

Targeting stereotactic radiotherapy of ventricular tachycardia using fusion of electroanatomical maps and CT models

V této práci je navržena nová metodika zaměřování jizvy levé komory, která je založena na extrakci systémových dat z elektroanatomického mapovacího systému a následného převedení pomocí vyvinutého software do vizualizovaných modelů. Tyto modely jsou následně spojeny se segmentovanými modely z CT DICOM snímků a ve speciálním grafickém editoru vyznačeny arytmogenní jizvy, které jsou vyexportovány ve formátu DICOM pro použití na pracovišti s ozařovačem. Hodnocení výsledků navržené metodiky bylo provedeno objektivně pomocí parametrů DICE a střední Hausdorffovy vzdálenosti. Další hodnocení bylo provedeno manuálním a automatizovaným měřením 2D snímků původního a vytvořeného objemu arytmogenních substrátů. Výsledky této práce ukazují, že navržená metodika dosahuje vysoké míry přesnosti při zaměřování arytmogenního substrátu (průměrná hodnota DSC = 0,86, SD = 0,26, průměrná hodnota střední Hausdroffovy vzdálenosti = 1,81 mm, SD = 0,25 pro intraobserver variabilitu a průměrná hodnota DSC = 0,86, průměrná hodnota střední Hausdroffovy vzdálenosti = 1,36 mm, pro interobserver variabilitu). Výsledkem práce je metodika, která je účinným nástrojem pro zlepšení přesnosti a rychlosti zaměření arytmogenních ložisek u pacientů podstupujících tuto terapii.In this paper, a new methodology for left ventricular scar targeting is proposed based on extraction of system data from the electroanatomical mapping system and subsequent conversion into visualized models using the developed software. These models are then combined with segmented models from CT DICOM images, and arrhythmogenic scars are marked in a special graphical editor and exported in DICOM format for use in the radiologist's workstation. Evaluation of the results of the proposed methodology was performed objectively using DICE parameters and the mean Hausdorff distance. Further evaluation was performed by manual and automated measurement of 2D images of the original and generated volume of arrhythmogenic substrates. The results of this work show that the proposed methodology achieves a high level of accuracy in targeting the arrhythmogenic substrate (mean DSC = 0.86, SD = 0.26, mean Hausdorff distance = 1.81 mm, SD = 0.25 for intraobserver variability and mean DSC = 0.86, mean Hausdorff distance = 1.36 mm, for interobserver variability). The result of this work is a methodology that is an effective tool for improving the accuracy and speed of targeting arrhythmogenic foci in patients undergoing this therapy.450 - Katedra kybernetiky a biomedicínského inženýrstvívyhově

Real-time measurement of ICD lead motion during stereotactic body radiotherapy of ventricular tachycardia

Background: Here we aimed to evaluate the respiratory and cardiac-induced motion of a ICD lead used as surrogate in the heart during stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) of ventricular tachycardia (VT). Data provides insight regarding motion and motion variations during treatment. Materials and methods: We analyzed the log files of surrogate motion during SBRT of ventricular tachycardia performed in 20 patients. Evaluated parameters included the ICD lead motion amplitudes; intrafraction amplitude variability; correlation error between the ICD lead and external markers; and margin expansion in the superior-inferior (SI), latero-lateral (LL), and anterior-posterior (AP) directions to cover 90% or 95% of all amplitudes. Results: In the SI, LL, and AP directions, respectively, the mean motion amplitudes were 5.0 +/- 2.6, 3.4. +/- 1.9, and 3.1 +/- 1.6 mm. The mean intrafraction amplitude variability was 2.6 +/- 0.9, 1.9 +/- 1.3, and 1.6 +/- 0.8 mm in the SI, LL, and AP directions, respectively. The margins required to cover 95% of ICD lead motion amplitudes were 9.5, 6.7, and 5.5 mm in the SI, LL, and AP directions, respectively. The mean correlation error was 2.2 +/- 0.9 mm. Conclusions: Data from online tracking indicated motion irregularities and correlation errors, necessitating an increased CTV-PTV margin of 3 mm. In 35% of cases, the motion variability exceeded 3 mm in one or more directions. We recommend verifying the correlation between CTV and surrogate individually for every patient, especially for targets with posterobasal localization where we observed the highest difference between the lead and CTV motion.Web of Science26113712

Preparticipation screening of athletes: The prevalence of positive family history

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a leading cause of death among athletes, and those with a positive family history (FH) of SCD and/or cardiovascular disease (CVD) may be at increased risk. The primary objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and predictors of positive FH of SCD and CVD in athletes using four widely used preparticipation screening (PPS) systems. The secondary objective was to compare the functionality of the screening systems. In a cohort of 13,876 athletes, 1.28% had a positive FH in at least one PPS system. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the maximum heart rate as significantly associated with positive FH (OR = 1.042, 95% CI = 1.027–1.056, p < 0.001). The highest prevalence of positive FH was found using the PPE-4 system (1.20%), followed by FIFA, AHA, and IOC systems (1.11%, 0.89%, and 0.71%, respectively). In conclusion, the prevalence of positive FH for SCD and CVD in Czech athletes was found to be 1.28%. Furthermore, positive FH was associated with a higher maximum heart rate at the peak of the exercise test. The findings of this study revealed significant differences in detection rates between PPS protocols, so further research is needed to determine the optimal method of FH collection.Web of Science104art. no. 18

Generation and Measurements of Basic Parameters of the ECG Signal

Import 22/07/2015Tato práce popisuje tvorbu softwarového programu, který je schopen generovat EKG signál a jeho anomálie. Jednotlivé kapitoly popisují, jak anatomii a fyziologie srdce, tak základní práci a operace v programu LabVIEW. Následuje podrobný popis vzniku srdeční aktivity, zaznamenáváný pomocí elektrokardiografu a popis elektrokardiogramu. Svou kapitolu mají i vybrané typy patologií, jejichž generaci umožňuje programová aplikace. V praktické části je shrnut postup tvorby projektu v programu LabVIEW. První část praktické části se zabývá základním popisem programovacího jazyka. Postupně práce pojednává o principech grafického programování a postupně přechází k problematice tvorby generátoru. Pro kontrolu je v konečné fázi této práce zobrazeno skutečné generování elektrického signálu. Signál je zaznamenán osciloskopem. V závěru práce je shrnut celý postup a přínos bakalářské práce.This thesis describes the implementation of software, which can generate ECG signal and his anomalies. Theoretical part describes anatomy and physiology of human heart system and basic operations in program LabVIEW. The theoretical part also deals with the genesis of the cardiac activity, recording by electrocardiograph and description of the parts of the electrocardiogram. In addition, there is also a part about heart anomalies, which can be generated by the application software. The experimental part contains the steps that were necessary for the implementation of this project in LabVIEW. Therefore, the experimental part describes basic information about graphic programming language, principles of programming and the making of the generator in LabVIEW. In the final part of this thesis, the performance of the generator, which was created in LabVIEW, is compared with the real generation of an electric signal. Signal is recorded by the oscilloscope. The procedure of the implementation of this bachelor thesis and its possible utilization is summarized at the end of this thesis.450 - Katedra kybernetiky a biomedicínského inženýrstvívýborn

Early ganglion stellate blockade as part of two-step treatment algorithm suppresses electrical storm and need for intubation

Background: For the treatment of patients with electrical storm (ES), we established a two-step algo rithm comprising standard anti-arrhythmic measures and early ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion blockade (SGB). In this single-center study, we evaluated the short-term efficacy of the algorithm and tested the hypothesis that early SGB might prevent the need for intubations. Methods: Overall, we analyzed data for 70 ES events in 59 patients requiring SGB (mean age 67.7 ± 12.4 years, 80% males, left ventricular ejection fraction 30.0% ± 9.1%), all with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). Results: The mean time from ES onset to SGB was 13.2 ± 12.3 hours. Percentage and mean absolute reduction in shocks at 48 hours after SGB reached 86.8% ( 6.3 shocks), and anti-tachycardiac pacing (ATP) declined by 65.9% ( 51.1 ATPs; all P < 0.001). Patients with the highest sustained ventricular arrhythmia (VA) burden (shocks 10/48 h; ATPs 10e99/48 h and 100/48 h) experienced the highest percentage decrease in ICD therapy (shocks 99.1%; ATPs 92.1% and 100.0%, respectively). For clinical response by defined criteria and two outcome periods (1/no sustained VA 48 hours post SGB, and 2/no ICD shock or <3 ATPs/day from day 3 to discharge/catheter ablation/day 8), 75.7% and 76.1% experienced complete response, respectively. Catecholamine support, no/low-dose b-blocker therapy, polymorphic/ mixed-type VA, and baseline sinus rhythm versus atrial fibrillation were more frequent in patients with early arrhythmia recurrence. Temporary Horner's syndrome occurred in 67.1%, and no other adverse events were recorded. Intubation and general anesthesia during and after SGB were not needed. Conclusion: The presented two-step algorithm for treating ES proved efficacious and safe. The results support implementation of early SGB in routine ES management.Web of Science73352