5,087 research outputs found
Interconnecting bilayer networks
A typical complex system should be described by a supernetwork or a network
of networks, in which the networks are coupled to some other networks. As the
first step to understanding the complex systems on such more systematic level,
scientists studied interdependent multilayer networks. In this letter, we
introduce a new kind of interdependent multilayer networks, i.e.,
interconnecting networks, for which the component networks are coupled each
other by sharing some common nodes. Based on the empirical investigations, we
revealed a common feature of such interconnecting networks, namely, the
networks with smaller averaged topological differences of the interconnecting
nodes tend to share more nodes. A very simple node sharing mechanism is
proposed to analytically explain the observed feature of the interconnecting
networks.Comment: 9 page
A generalized public goods game with coupling of individual ability and project benefit
Facing a heavy task, any single person can only make a limited contribution
and team cooperation is needed. As one enjoys the benefit of the public goods,
the potential benefits of the project are not always maximized and may be
partly wasted. By incorporating individual ability and project benefit into the
original public goods game, we study the coupling effect of the four
parameters, the upper limit of individual contribution, the upper limit of
individual benefit, the needed project cost and the upper limit of project
benefit on the evolution of cooperation. Coevolving with the individual-level
group size preferences, an increase in the upper limit of individual benefit
promotes cooperation while an increase in the upper limit of individual
contribution inhibits cooperation. The coupling of the upper limit of
individual contribution and the needed project cost determines the critical
point of the upper limit of project benefit, where the equilibrium frequency of
cooperators reaches its highest level. Above the critical point, an increase in
the upper limit of project benefit inhibits cooperation. The evolution of
cooperation is closely related to the preferred group-size distribution. A
functional relation between the frequency of cooperators and the dominant group
size is found
Records of volcanic events since AD 1800 in the East Rongbuk ice core from Mt. Qomolangma
Continuous Bi profile of the East Rongbuk (ER) ice core near Mt. Qomolangma reveals nine major volcanic events since AD 1800. Compared with Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI), it shows that the concentrations of Bi in the ER ice core can reflect the major volcanic events within the key areas. This provides a good horizon layer for ice core dating, as well as a basis for reconstructing a long sequence of volcanic records from the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau ice cores
A general model for collaboration networks
In this paper, we propose a general model for collaboration networks.
Depending on a single free parameter "{\bf preferential exponent}", this model
interpolates between networks with a scale-free and an exponential degree
distribution. The degree distribution in the present networks can be roughly
classified into four patterns, all of which are observed in empirical data. And
this model exhibits small-world effect, which means the corresponding networks
are of very short average distance and highly large clustering coefficient.
More interesting, we find a peak distribution of act-size from empirical data
which has not been emphasized before of some collaboration networks. Our model
can produce the peak act-size distribution naturally that agrees with the
empirical data well.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figure
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