Factors Affecting Incidence of Uterine Torsion in Egyptian Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and its Response for Rolling

Objective: The present work was planned to study the incidence of uterine torsion in Egyptian buffaloes as well as its prognosis after mechanical treatment.Methods: A total number of 35 buffaloes of different ages, parities and stage of pregnancy with complain of colic and anorexia were included in the present study. These animals were examined rectally to detect stage of pregnancy, degree, direction, duration, location of uterine torsion. Mechanical handling of torsion cases and prognosis of recovered cases was performed. After birth, sex of new born was also recorded.Results: The torsion of uterus mostly occurred in pleuriparous buffaloes (100%) in right side (85.7%) during second half of pregnancy (100%). Most cases were postcervical (85.7%) during the early stage (7 and 8 months). Torsion also may occur during labour (17.4%) where the cervix was dilated after correction. Most cases of uterine torsion occur in stabled animals for long period (97%). The uterine torsion associated with male calves (65.7%) as well as with large size calves (40-50kg) and majority of the calves were in normal position. The first foetal sac expelled in majority of cases was amniotic sac (97%) with few cases of placental retention. Uterine torsion with short duration (1-6 h) usually needs 1-2 rolls only for correction and usually takes 0-6h (100%) for cervical dilatation. Occurrence of uterine torsion for above three days usually did not respond for rolling.Conclusion: Uterine torsion usually occurs in old stabled animal with good BCS during green season at last month of pregnancy. The right sever and post cervical torsion were the most common type of torsion. Rapid diagnosis of uterine torsion within 6 h usually results in good prognosis even in severe cases

A century of trends in adult human height

Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5-22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3-19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8-144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities 1,2 . This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity 3�6 . Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55 of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017�and more than 80 in some low- and middle-income regions�was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing�and in some countries reversal�of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories. © 2019, The Author(s)

Peak cardiopulmonary exercise data for healthy Saudi males.

The use of cardiopulmonary exercise testing as a measure of functional capacity has increased substantially in recent years. Yet local normative data are remarkably lacking. Therefore, this study presents normal peak cardiopulmonary exercise values for 94 healthy Saudi males between the ages of 20 and 47 years. Graded exercise testing was performed using electronic cycle ergometer starting with 20 watts (W) and increasing work load (WL) by 10 W every minute until fatigue. Gas exchange parameters were continuously assessed using open circuit spirometry. Data were analyzed for three age groups: G1 (20-29 yr., n= 38), G2 (30-39 yr., n=36) and G3 (40-47 yr., n= 20). The findings indicated that absolute peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak (L/min)) values were 2.22 ± 0.32, 2.23 ± 0.29 and 1.97 ±0.29 for G1, G2 and G3, respectively (G3 different from G1 and G2, p< 0.05). Respective values of VO2 peak relative to body mass (ml/kg.min) for G1, G2 and G3 were 31.6 ±5.9, 28.9 ±5.5 and 24.4 ±3.6 (G3 different from G1 and G2, p< 0.01). Maximal heart rate (HR max) dropped from 183 ± 8 bpm in G1 to 171±9 bpm in G3, with significant differences (p< 0.05) between the three groups. Maximal WL averaged 151.4 ±20.9 W for the whole group (ranged from 100 to 220 W). In addition, absolute VO2 peak had the highest correlation with exercise time (r = 0.81, p> 0.000), WL max (r = 0.78, p< 0.000), HR at WL 120 W (r = 0.67, p< 0.000), and thigh muscles strength (r = 0.40, p> 0.000). It was concluded that VO2 peak data presented in this study appear lower than those values reported for adult males of comparable age, weight and height in Western countries. Furthermore, these normal values of peak cardiopulmonary responses for healthy Saudi males would be very useful in interpreting maximal exercise data in Saudi patients suffering from cardiopulmonary impairments.Corresponding Author: Dr. Abdurahman M. Alhowaikan Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Dept. of P. E. and Movement Sciences, and Exercise Pulmonary Laboratory, Dept. of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 151645, Riyadh 11777, Saudi Arabia. Email: [email protected]

A few-picosecond and high-peak-power passively mode-locked erbium-doped fibre laser based on zinc oxide polyvinyl alcohol film saturable absorber

This paper demonstrates a few-picosecond and high-peak-power mode-locked fiber laser, using an erbium-doped fiber as a gain medium and zinc oxide (ZnO) element as a new passively saturable absorber (SA). The ZnO element was synthesized using a seeding solution and amended with a polyvinyl alcohol to form a film. The ZnO has been identified as an ideal SA due to its high nonlinear optical response, high sustainability to damage threshold, and fast recovery time. Self-started mode-locked laser pulses have been generated at a relatively low pump power of 42 mW with a fundamental repetition rate and pulse duration of 3.26 MHz and 2.60 ps, respectively. The proposed laser operates at 1599.5 nm with a 3 dB spectral bandwidth of 1.12 nm. A maximum output power, pulse energy, and peak power of about 6.91 mW, 2.12 nJ, and 0.82 kW, respectively, are obtained at a maximum pump power of 159 mW. From these findings, we confirm that the proposed laser can be viewed as a promising light source in the emerging optical communication system

Cobalt oxide nanocubes thin film as saturable absorber for generating Q-switched fiber lasers at 1 and 1.5 µm in ring cavity configuration

We experimentally demonstrate Q-switched fiber lasers based on Ytterbium-doped fiber laser (YDFL) and Erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) cavity using cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanocubes film as a saturable absorber (SA) to operate at 1043.64 nm and 1560.4 nm respectively. This material is embedded into polyethylene oxide (PEO) film to obtain a high nonlinear optical response that can be used for SA application. The Co3O4 nanocubes film was fabricated by a simple processing technique and it has a modulation depth of 4% and saturation intensity of 56 MW/cm2. By incorporating the Co3O4 nanocubes SA into the YDFL cavity, a stable Q-switched pulse train was generated with repetition rate increasing from 60.3 to 86.66 KHz, by increasing the pump power from 144.4 to 165.4 mW. At the pump power of 147.9 mW the pulse width and pulse energy are 4 µs and 154 nJ respectively. The EDFL generates a stable Q-switched pulses with repetition rate of 119.7 KHz, pulse width of 2.4 µs and pulse energy of 6 nJ at maximum pump power of 141 mW. This results propose that cobalt oxide could be a promising broadband SA for all fiber lasers wavelengths at 1 and 1.5 µm

Tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminium thin film as saturable absorber for passively Q-switched erbium-doped fibre laser

A passively Q-switched erbium-doped fibre laser was demonstrated by using tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminium (Alq3) organic material as a passive saturable absorber (SA). The SA was fabricated by a drop casting technique at room temperature and incorporated into a laser cavity by inserting it between two optical fibre ferrules. The Q-switched fibre laser operates at a centre wavelength of 1559 nm with a full-width half maximum of 1 nm. The generated pulse train is stable and has a pulse width decreased from 6.65 to 1.2 μs and the pulse repetition rate increased from 31.65 to 144.5 kHz as the pump power increased from 20 to 122 mW. The maximum pulse energy obtained is 63.89 nJ. This work indicates that the Alq3 as SA has a great potential to be utilised for pulsed laser generation. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first time an organic material is utilised as a SA device for generating a stable Q-switched laser pulse. © 2019 Institution of Engineering and Technology. All rights reserved

Use of Melatonin/Decorticotomy and Autogenous Bone Graft in Induced 1-Wall Defect

ABSTRACT: Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the effect of intramarrow penetration (IMP) and 1% melatonin (MLN) gel on the remodelling process of autogenous bone graft (ABG) in an induced 1–osseous wall defect model. Methods: Sixty-four intrabony induced mandibular defects were created on the distal side of premolars—P1, P2, P3, and P4 (on each side)—in 8 beagle dogs. A ligature-induced periodontitis was initiated in each defect. Defects were then divided into 4 equal groups. Group I was treated with open-flap debridement (OFD) alone, group II was treated with OFD/ABG, group III was treated with OFD/IMP/ABG, and group IV was treated with OFD/ABG/IMP/1% MLN gel. The study parameters were bone fill, histologic analysis, and immunohistochemical evaluation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression at 2-week (2W) and 8-week (8W) time intervals. Results: At 8W, significant differences were revealed amongst all groups regarding the amount of bone fill and eNOS expressions (P < .001). Bone fill percentages were 55.5%, 22.3%, 16.8%, and 0% in groups IV, III, II, and I, respectively. eNOS expressions were 1.68 ± 0.06, 8.43 ± 0.04, 16.80 ± 0.17, and 1.97 ± 0.07 in groups IV, III, II, and I, respectively. The favourable results were in line with group IV. Conclusions: According to these preliminary results, defects treated by ABG augmented with IMP and 1% MLN gel revealed a greater amount of bone fill and reduced eNOS expression. This combination is therefore highly suggested as an adjunct to ABG