A Study of a Small Hydrofoil Boat with Airplane Type Controls

The primary purpose of this study was to determine if the application of airplane type controls to the hydrofoil boat would produce a stable craft that would be safe to operate. The secondary purpose of this study was to determine if a human operator could respond to changes in the boat\u27s attitude brought on by wave action or other factors in time to keep the craft running in a desirable operating condition. Finally, the commercial possibilities were to be determined by the performance of the prototype

\u27T. C. Mits\u27 and the Utility of Science

The general public, as well as many leaders of our society tend to view science as descriptive and to value science mainly for practical applications. Although technological implications are important, science cannot legitimately be considered primarily descriptive. Science is a creative activity, involving human judgment, and can most fruitfully be thought of as metaphor or play. The practical value of science, of the liberal arts in general, and of academe is that they provide the playful approach to experience which is a necessary basis for successful planning and action, and which makes us human

Regulation of Real Estate Syndications: An Overview

This comment will attempt to make some sense out of the controversy raging around real estate syndications and will attempt to determine what, if anything, should be done to regulate them. First, the mechanism of the real estate syndication and the specific problems it poses for the investor will be briefly examined. Second, the existing legal framework including restrictions imposed on real estate syndications by common law partnership and state and federal securities laws will be examined to determine whether the investor is adequately protected. Third, various proposed regulatory schemes will be examined, including the SEC\u27s proposals for new disclosure rules, the Washington Rules and Midwest Commissioner\u27s Guidelines on real estate limited partnerships. A final section examines the need for federal substantive regulations of real estate syndication. This comment concludes that the regulators at federal and state levels have failed to recognize the basic differences between the two major types of real estate syndications— specific property versus blind pool or unspecified, multiple property syndicates. It is suggested that specific property syndicates can be satisfactorily regulated by disclosure only, as the SEC proposes; blind pool syndicates, on the other hand, appear to require substantive regulation. Failure to structure regulation to fit these two different types of real estate syndicates will potentially distort the syndication process by further limiting the attractiveness and utility of the specific property syndication

A New Player in the Boardroom: The Emergence of the Independent Directors\u27 Counsel

Over the last thirty years, the independent directors have occasionally been represented by independent counsel. Instances include: special litigation committees reviewing derivative suits; independent committees in parent subsidiary mergers and MBOs; and internal investigations of misconduct. We predict that, with the additional legal requirements imposed on independent directors by the Sarbanes Oxley Act and related changes to SEC rules and Stock Exchange listing requirements, the independent directors, especially those on the Audit Committee, increasingly will be represented on a continuing basis by independent legal counsel. Out of this will emerge a new figure in the board room: the Independent Directors\u27 Counsel. We examine the advantages and disadvantages of adding this new actor in the boardroom, and consider issues posed and implications for corporate law and legal ethics

A New Player in the Boardroom: The Emergence of the Independent Directors\u27 Counsel

Over the last thirty years, the independent directors have occasionally been represented by independent counsel. Instances include: special litigation committees reviewing derivative suits; independent committees in parent subsidiary mergers and MBOs; and internal investigations of misconduct. We predict that, with the additional legal requirements imposed on independent directors by the Sarbanes Oxley Act and related changes to SEC rules and Stock Exchange listing requirements, the independent directors, especially those on the Audit Committee, increasingly will be represented on a continuing basis by independent legal counsel. Out of this will emerge a new figure in the board room: the Independent Directors\u27 Counsel. We examine the advantages and disadvantages of adding this new actor in the boardroom, and consider issues posed and implications for corporate law and legal ethics

Improving starch and fibre in wheat grain for human health

Reducing the prevalence of diet- related diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes, is a major challenge for health professionals, food manufacturers and governments in both developed and developing countries. Cereals are key targets in meeting this challenge as they are staple foods throughout the world and major sources of energy (derived principally from starch) and dietary fibre. Wheat is the staple cereal in the UK and Europe, and the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)- supported Designing Future Wheat programme is focused on manipulating the content and composition of starch and fibre to improve health impacts, including reducing the glycaemic response and improving fermentation in the colon. This work is contributing to the development of improved cultivars by breeders and foods by processors. It is also increasing our understanding of the behaviour of these components in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract and will contribute to the establishment of targets and recommendations for regulatory authorities

Contrasting arbuscular mycorrhizal communities colonizing different host plants show a similar response to a soil phosphorus concentration gradient

High soil phosphorus (P) concentration is frequently shown to reduce root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, but the influence of P on the diversity of colonizing AM fungi is uncertain. We used terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) of 18S rDNA and cloning to assess diversity of AM fungi colonizing maize (Zea mays), soybean (Glycene max) and field violet (Viola arvensis) at three time points in one season along a P gradient of 10–280 mg l−1 in the field. Percentage AM colonization changed between sampling time points but was not reduced by high soil P except in maize. There was no significant difference in AM diversity between sampling time points. Diversity was reduced at concentrations of P > 25 mg l−1, particularly in maize and soybean. Both cloning and T-RFLP indicated differences between AM communities in the different host species. Host species was more important than soil P in determining the AM community, except at the highest P concentration. Our results show that the impact of soil P on the diversity of AM fungi colonizing plants was broadly similar, despite the fact that different plants contained different communities. However, subtle differences in the response of the AM community in each host were evident

Court Finance and Unitary Budgeting

Among the difficulties besetting the courts today is lack of money.In this respect, they share adversity with most public and charitableinstitutions such as schools, universities, hospitals, parks and libraries.But the fiscal dilemma of the courts is unique in certain respects.They constitute an independent branch of government, critically necessaryto the balance of our constitutional system. Yet they are expectedto eschew the normal political process and, unlike other competitorsfor public resources, are prohibited from cultivating their own constituenciesand utilizing lobbyists. Furthermore, the judicial systemsof most states are heavily dependent on local government for theirfinance.\u27 In these states, the courts must join the unhappy competitionfor the inadequate revenues of local property taxes