Surface Engineering Of Titanium Based Metal For Cell Interaction

This research focused on the titanium surface modification with nanotopography morphology of TiO2 nanotubes. Cell-metal interaction between TiO2 nanotubes and PA6 bone marrow stromal cells were studied to understand the TiO2 nanotubes parameters that affect the cell growth. To achieve objective of this research work, titanium foil was transformed into different dimensionalities of TiO2 nanotubes via simple anodization method and characterized. Penyelidikan ini fokus kepada pengubahsuaian permukaan titanium dengan morfologi topografi tiub-nano TiO2. Tindak balas tiub-nano TiO2 dan sel stromal tulang PA6 dikaji bagi memahami pengaruh struktur tiub-nano terhadap pertumbuhan sel. Bagi menjayakan objektif penyelidikan ini, kerajang titanium telah diubahsuai kepada tiub-nano TiO2 yang mempunyai pelbagai dimensi melalui kaedah penganodan dan dicirikan

Surface Engineering Of Titanium Based Metal For Cell Interaction

This research focused on the titanium surface modification with nanotopography morphology of TiO2 nanotubes. Cell-metal interaction between TiO2 nanotubes and PA6 bone marrow stromal cells were studied to understand the TiO2 nanotubes parameters that affect the cell growth. To achieve objective of this research work, titanium foil was transformed into different dimensionalities of TiO2 nanotubes via simple anodization method and characterized. TiO2 nanotubes with inner diameter of 25 nm to 110 nm were successfully developed within 10 V to 40 V. Corrosion resistance was higher for sample anodizes at 10 V (25 nm-diameters). The length of the TiO2 nanotubes arrays were 2.2 μm after 3 hours anodization. Anatase, anataserutile and rutile phase was observed when TiO2 nanotubes subjected to anneal at 300 °C, 600 °C and 700 °C. Tubular structure destroy when anneal at 700 °C. Anatase phase give higher corrosion resistance because crystallized barrier oxide layer hinder the corrosion activity (corrosion rate = 0.31 nm/year). Cell morphology, adhesion,viability, immunocytochemistry, alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, Western Blot and immunophenotyping were done to evaluate PA6 cells interaction on TiO2 nanotubes accordingly. From this study, 45 nm-diameter, 2.2 μm-length nanotube and anatase-rutile mixture phase enhanced the PA6 cells growth. No materials elution after 3 days incubation with PA6 cells observed. The protein concentrations on TiO2 nanotubes were significantly higher than control due to large surface area and binding sites for cells to anchorage the substrate. Immunostaining expression for cytokeratin, Bromodeoxyuridine, CD34, IBMR3 and PI was positive on entire samples. From immunophenotyping analysis, PA6 cells were positive on CD49e, CD51 and CD73, suggested that PA6 cells on TiO2 nanotube arrays positively involved in extracellular matrix adhesion, bone marrow stromal cells interaction, immune system and mesenchymal stem cells differentiate. Importantly, fluorescence image shows PA6 cells cultured on TiO2 nanotubes did not have much alteration as compared to control with regard of no significant different from the fluorescence intensity. After 14 days, hydroxyapatite fully covered TiO2 nanotubes surface and enhance the PA6 cell growth and viability. These findings indicate that fine-tuning TiO2 nanotubes will be essential parameter in optimizing PA6 cell interaction

Synthesis, characterization and investigation of photocatalytic activity of nano-titania from natural ilmenite with graphite for cigarette smoke degradation

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and TiO2 with recycled graphite (TiO2/G) nanocomposite have been successfully synthesized by alkaline fusion method using synthetic rutile for measuring the degradation time of the cigarette smoke under the visible light irradiation. In this work, the synthetic rutile was derived from natural Malaysian Ilmenite’s waste to produce a low cost of TiO2 nanoparticles via environmental friendly process. The prepared samples were then analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) to study their structural phase composition, functional group, and elemental composition respectively. The surface morphology and the size of the particles were studied using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), respectively. The functionality of the prepared nanoparticles in terms of photocatalyst activity was analyzed by degradation of cigarette smoke under the exposure to the visible light. The UV–Vis Spectroscopy (UV–VIS) results revealed that the energy band gap of modified TiO2/G nanocomposite decreases to 2.90 eV compared with the commercial TiO2, 3.06 eV. This is capable enough to TiO2/G nanocomposite degrade the smoke under the visible light irradiation for 2 min faster compared to others types of TiO2 nanoparticles. This indicated the material has the ability to purify the toxins in the air

Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Arrays for Biomedical Implant Materials and Nanomedicine Applications

Nanotechnology has become a research hotspot to explore functional nanodevices and design materials compatible with nanoscale topography. Recently, titanium dioxide nanotube arrays (TNA) have garnered considerable interest as biomedical implant materials and nanomedicine applications (such as nanotherapeutics, nanodiagnostics and nanobiosensors). In bio-implants studies, the properties of TNA nanostructures could modulate diverse cellular processes, such as cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Furthermore, this unique structure of TNA provides larger surface area and energy to regulate positive cellular interactions toward the mechanosensitivity activities. As for an advanced medical application, the TNA—biomolecular interactions knowledge are critical for further characterization of nanomaterial particularly in nanotherapeutic manipulation. Knowledge of these aspects will create opportunities for better understanding which may help researchers to develop better nanomaterial products to be used in medicine and health-line services

Cellular Homeostasis and Antioxidant Response in Epithelial HT29 Cells on Titania Nanotube Arrays Surface

Cell growth and proliferative activities on titania nanotube arrays (TNA) have raised alerts on genotoxicity risk. Present toxicogenomic approach focused on epithelial HT29 cells with TNA surface. Fledgling cell-TNA interaction has triggered G0/G1 cell cycle arrests and initiatesDNA damage surveillance checkpoint, which possibly indicated the cellular stress stimuli. A profound gene regulation was observed to be involved in cellular growth and survival signals such as p53 and AKT expressions. Interestingly, the activation of redox regulator pathways (antioxidant defense) was observed through the cascade interactions of GADD45, MYC, CHECK1, and ATR genes.These mechanisms furnish to protect DNA during cellular division from an oxidative challenge, set in motion with XRRC5 and RAD50 genes for DNA damage and repair activities. The cell fate decision on TNA-nanoenvironment has been reported to possibly regulate proliferative activities via expression of p27 and BCL2 tumor suppressor proteins, cogent with SKP2 and BCL2 oncogenic proteins suppression. Findings suggested that epithelial HT29 cells on the surface of TNA may have a positive regulation via cell-homeostasis mechanisms: a careful circadian orchestration between cell proliferation, survival, and death. This nanomolecular knowledge could be beneficial for advanced medical applications such as in nanomedicine and nanotherapeutics

Surface Modification and Bioactivity of Anodic Ti6Al4V Alloy

The present study deals with surface modification of Ti6Al4V alloy via anodization technique. The morphology, structure, adhesion and bioactivity of Ti6Al4V alloy after anodization process were investigated in detail. The influence of fluoride content and direct circuit (DC) applied voltage during anodization of Ti6Al4V alloy in a bath with electrolytes composed of ethylene glycol (EG) and ammonium fluoride (NH4F) were considered. It was found that the average pore sizes and length of nanoporous or nanotubes were increasing with the fluoride content and applied voltage. A minimum of 3 wt% of NH4F is required to grow a self-organized nanotube arrays. As the fluoride content was increased to 5 wt%, TiO2 nanotubes with average diameter of 110 nm and 3.4 microm lengths were successfully synthesized. It is noteworthy to point out that the rate of the nanotube formation was increasing up to 9 microm thick bioactive TiO2 nanotubes layer as anodization time was increased to 3 h. Based on the results obtained, the PA6 cells cultured on anodic Ti6Al4V alloy showed highest level of cell viability and greater cell adhesion compared to the flat Ti6Al4V foil substrate. In fact, highly ordered nanotubes structure on Ti6Al4V alloy can provide beneficial effects for PA6 cells in attachment and proliferation

Formation of high aspect ratio TiO2 nanotube arrays by anodization of Ti foil in organic solution

Titanium oxide (TiO2) nanotubes were successfully formed by anodization of pure titanium foil in a standard two-electrode bath consisting of ethylene glycol solution containing 5 wt% NH4F. The pH of the solution was ∼ 7 and the anodization voltage was 60 V. It was observed that such anodization condition results in ordered arrays of TiO2 nanotubes with smooth surface and a very high aspect ratio. It was observed that a minimum of 1 wt % water addition was required to form well ordered TiO2 nanotubes with length of approximately 18.5 μm. As-anodized sample, the self-organized TiO2 nanotubes have amorphous structure and annealing at 500oC of the nanotubes promote formation of anatase and rutile phase. Photocatalytic activity of well ordered TiO2 nanotubes with two different lengths was evaluated by measuring the degradation of methyl orange (MO). The elaboration of this observation is described in detail in this paper

Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange using pullulan-mediated porous zinc oxide microflowers

One of mankind’s biggest concerns is water pollution. Textile industry emerged as one of the main contributors with dyes as the main pollutant. Presence of dyes in water is very dangerous due to their toxicity; thus, it is important to remove them from water. In these recent years, heterogeneous advance oxidation process surfaced as a possible dyes’ removal technique. This process utilizes semiconductor as photocatalyst to degrade the dyes in presence of light and zinc oxide (ZnO) appears to be a promising photocatalyst for this process. In this study, pullulan, a biopolymer, was used to produce porous ZnO microflowers (ZnO-MFs) through green synthesis via precipitation method. The effects of pullulan’s amount on the properties of ZnO-MFs were investigated. The ZnO-MF particle size decreased with the increased of pullulan amount. Interestingly, formation of pores occurred in presence of pullulan. The synthesized ZnO-MFs have the surface area ranging from 6.22 to 25.65 m2 g−1 and pore volume up to 0.1123 cm3 g−1. The ZnO-MF with the highest surface area was chosen for photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO). The highest degradation occurred in 300 min with 150 mg catalyst dosage, 10 ppm initial dye concentration, and pH 7 experimental conditions. However, through comparison of photodegradation of MO with all synthesized ZnO-MFs, 25PZ exhibited the highest degradation rate. This shows that photocatalytic activity is not dependent on surface area alone. Based on these results, ZnO-MF has the potential to be applied in wastewater treatment. However, further improvement is needed to increase its photocatalytic activity

Rapid photodecolorization of methyl orange and rhodamine B using zinc oxide nanoparticles mediated by pullulan at different calcination conditions

Water is one of the humanity’s major resources, but it is actually at risk due to growth and urbanization. Water reclamation and reuse was introduced as one of the solutions. However, the presence of organic pollutants, such as dyes, in the reclaim water can cause adverse effect to human. The dyes can be removed through photocatalysis process where semiconductor materials such as zinc oxide (ZnO) is used as the catalyst. In this research, several zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were developed with pullulan as the capping agent through green synthesis. The impact of calcination conditions on the properties of synthesized ZnO NPs was explored. All the synthesized samples were subjected to photocatalytic degradation of two dyes, methyl orange (MO) and rhodamine B (RhB). The results indicated that with the increment of calcination temperature, the average particles size increased from 28.86 to 127.69 nm and the surface area reduced from 30.7996 to 12.3757 m2 g−1. As the calcination time changed, substantial impact was observed where, as calcination time increased to 2 h, the average particles size and the surface area significantly increased and reduced, respectively. The best photocatalytic degradation of MO and RhB was observed using ZnO NPs produced at 400 °C and 1 h calcination conditions. Overall, ZnO NPs have a good prospect to be applied for removal of dyes in wastewater