YAMACRAW 11 Narrative

USCGC YAMACRAW (W333) left Woods Hole the evening of 28 September 1958 on a three-week cruise. The plan of the cruise included several days of classified work in deep water south of Woods Hole (not reported here ), a short bathymetric survey on the Blake Plateau, a stop in Jacksonville, Florida for personnel exchange, and a five-day survey in the Tongue of the Ocean, with the cruise ending at Savannah, Georgia. The track of YAMACRA W is shown in Figure 1. This was to be the last cruise of YAMACRAW for the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. All equipment was to be removed at Savannah, Georgia to be placed aboard USNS CHAIN (TARS 20). The scientific party leaving Woods Hole consisted of seven persons : Dr. William Richardson, Chief Scientist, Lee Davis, Paul Stimson, Richard Weller , and Charles Wilkins from WHO!; Dr. James Lafferty and Dr. George Gaines from the General Electric Company.Office of Naval Research Under Contra:ct Nonr-1367(00

Preliminary report CHAIN #11 : 22 February - 22 March 1960

The second half of CHAIN Cruise #11, 22 February until 22 March, 1960, is detailed as to type of measurements made with their specific locations. The cruise areas were in the St. Croix region, the Puerto' Rico Trench and the tracks from the Bahamas to Bermuda to Woods Hole. Camera lowerings, lowerings of the thermal probe and accompanying cores, dredging, sound velocimeter lowerings, and acoustic studies of the scattering layer were the special events undertaken while precision bathymetry and towing of the Continuous Temperature Recording Chain were on a watch standing basis.Undersea Warfare Branch, Office of Naval Research Under Contract Nonr- 1367(00) (NR- 261-10 2

Bottom interaction of low-frequency acoustic signals at small grazing angles in the deep ocean

Also published as: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 69 (1981): 84-94The results of a deep-ocean bottom interaction experiment are presented in which the effects of both bottom refraction and subbottom reflection were observed. Data were obtained in the Hatteras Abyssal Plain using a deep towed 220-Hz pulsed cw source and two receivers anchored near the bottom. For ranges between 1 and 6 km, corresponding to bottom grazing angles less than 13°, the quadrature components of the received signals were recorded digitally. The observed amplitude shows a strong spatial interference pattern which is composed of the direct and bottom interacting arrivals. It is shown that for small source-receiver separations, the bottom return is dominated by a strong subbollom reflection. With increasing separation, this arrival evolves into a refracted arrival due to the presence of a positive sound-speed gradient in the sediment overlying the subbottom. Because of the gradient, a caustic is formed, and corresponding high intensity regions are observed in the data at the expected ranges. Values of sediment layer thickness, sound-speed gradient, and sound-speed drop at the water-bollom interface are obtained from best fits to the data using ray theory, normal mode theory, and the parabolic equation method. These values are consistent with those obtained in nearby locations by other workers. The success of the parabolic equation method indicates that at small grazing angles, the bottom interaction process may be modeled as a propagation process combined with the effect of a perfect, soft subbollom reflector. A value of sediment attenuation, 0.0015 dB/mat 220Hz, is also inferred from the data and is among the lowest values reported to date in the literature.Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-77-C-0196 administered through NORD

Mortality of fish subjected to explosive shock as applied to oil well severance on Georges Bank

A very extensive bibliography of papers on underwater explosions and their effects on marine life has been collected and summarized. When exposed to blast effects, vertebrates with swim bladders or lungs that contain gas are at least an order of magnitude more sensitive than other life. Regression analysis of several different experiments on explosive damage to fish has been combined with reports of fish concentrations and explosives used in oil well severance in order to estimate the probable extent of damage to fish populations from a limited number of severance explosions. Damage per explosion should not be significant and is probably considerably less than that caused by a one hour tow of a bottom trawl net.Prepared for the Technology Assessment and Research Program of the Minerals Management Service, Department of the Interior, under Contract 14-08-0001-18920

1962: Abilene Christian College Bible Lectures - Full Text

THE RESTORATION PRINCIPLE” Being the Abilene Christian College Annual Bible Lectures 1962 Price: $3.95 Published by ABILENE CHRISTIAN COLLEGE STUDENTS EXCHANGE ACC Station Abilene, Texa

Comparative analysis and supragenome modeling of twelve Moraxella catarrhalis clinical isolates

Contains fulltext : 97744.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)BACKGROUND: M. catarrhalis is a gram-negative, gamma-proteobacterium and an opportunistic human pathogen associated with otitis media (OM) and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). With direct and indirect costs for treating these conditions annually exceeding $33 billion in the United States alone, and nearly ubiquitous resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics among M. catarrhalis clinical isolates, a greater understanding of this pathogen's genome and its variability among isolates is needed. RESULTS: The genomic sequences of ten geographically and phenotypically diverse clinical isolates of M. catarrhalis were determined and analyzed together with two publicly available genomes. These twelve genomes were subjected to detailed comparative and predictive analyses aimed at characterizing the supragenome and understanding the metabolic and pathogenic potential of this species. A total of 2383 gene clusters were identified, of which 1755 are core with the remaining 628 clusters unevenly distributed among the twelve isolates. These findings are consistent with the distributed genome hypothesis (DGH), which posits that the species genome possesses a far greater number of genes than any single isolate. Multiple and pair-wise whole genome alignments highlight limited chromosomal re-arrangement. CONCLUSIONS: M. catarrhalis gene content and chromosomal organization data, although supportive of the DGH, show modest overall genic diversity. These findings are in stark contrast with the reported heterogeneity of the species as a whole, as wells as to other bacterial pathogens mediating OM and COPD, providing important insight into M. catarrhalis pathogenesis that will aid in the development of novel therapeutic regimens

General anaesthetic and airway management practice for obstetric surgery in England: a prospective, multi-centre observational study

There are no current descriptions of general anaesthesia characteristics for obstetric surgery, despite recent changes to patient baseline characteristics and airway management guidelines. This analysis of data from the direct reporting of awareness in maternity patients' (DREAMY) study of accidental awareness during obstetric anaesthesia aimed to describe practice for obstetric general anaesthesia in England and compare with earlier surveys and best-practice recommendations. Consenting patients who received general anaesthesia for obstetric surgery in 72 hospitals from May 2017 to August 2018 were included. Baseline characteristics, airway management, anaesthetic techniques and major complications were collected. Descriptive analysis, binary logistic regression modelling and comparisons with earlier data were conducted. Data were collected from 3117 procedures, including 2554 (81.9%) caesarean deliveries. Thiopental was the induction drug in 1649 (52.9%) patients, compared with propofol in 1419 (45.5%). Suxamethonium was the neuromuscular blocking drug for tracheal intubation in 2631 (86.1%), compared with rocuronium in 367 (11.8%). Difficult tracheal intubation was reported in 1 in 19 (95%CI 1 in 16-22) and failed intubation in 1 in 312 (95%CI 1 in 169-667). Obese patients were over-represented compared with national baselines and associated with difficult, but not failed intubation. There was more evidence of change in practice for induction drugs (increased use of propofol) than neuromuscular blocking drugs (suxamethonium remains the most popular). There was evidence of improvement in practice, with increased monitoring and reversal of neuromuscular blockade (although this remains suboptimal). Despite a high risk of difficult intubation in this population, videolaryngoscopy was rarely used (1.9%)

Technical report, ARPA Program final report : 1 February 1971-31 December 1975

A program in Advanced Marine Technology was carried out at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, under ARPA sponsorship from February 1971 until December 1975. The program consisted of thirteen projects with a total funding of $1,993,000. Most of the projects improved in surveying, sampling, and measuring capabilities of deep submersibles using ALVIN as the test vehicle. The capabilities required to evaluate an area of the ocean bottom for deployment of large pieces of equipment or arrays included precise three dimensional navigation (page 12), photography (page 15), acoustic mapping (page 15), sampling of materials (page 12, 14), and magnetic and gravity field measurements (page 13). In addition to the submersible oriented projects there were projects on Handling and Transfer at Sea (page 11), Deep Sea Biological Equipment (page 13), and offshore Industrial Waste Monitoring (page 14). Submerged navigation, a Modular Acoustic Suite for ALVIN, and ALVIN operation expenses each accounted for about 20% of the total budget. Section II points out the relevance of the thirteen projects to future military requirements and the technical problems of each. Section III describes the history of the program and its relation to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, and lists the project leaders. Section IV of this report gives a brief description of the results of each project, and in Section VII there is a listing of publications that have resulted from the program as well as a table of pertinent information about the diving schedule of ALVIN.Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-71-C-0284; NR 294-017 Contract N0014-75-C-0681; NR 294-017