Comparative analysis on a corporate sponsorship for art museums in Korea and the United States

The Korean art museum scene is still in its infancy, and the performance of the private museums is relatively weaker than that of the public ones despite their higher number. This study aims to understand the reasons behind their weak performance within the unique system of Korean private art museums; Korean corporations prefer establishing their art foundation and operating private museums rather than supporting independent and external museums. This study will discuss a relatively inefficient tax benefit structure for companies when they support arts and Korean art museums’ lack of corporate sponsorship schemes compared to the American art museums. Moreover, the comparison study between the Guggenheim Foundation and the Kansong Foundation will suggest a way that Korean private art museums can nurture sustainable support from companies under this circumstance

Robust Topology Optimization of Continuum Structures under the Hybrid Uncertainties: A Comparative Study

Due to the inevitable involvement of multisource uncertainties related to the load, material property and geometry in practical engineering designs, robust topology optimization (RTO) has recently attracted increasing attention to account for these uncertain effects. However, the majority of the existing RTO works are concerned with single source uncertainty, and very few studies have considered the multisource (hybrid) uncertainties simultaneously. To this end, a comparative study on the hybrid uncertainties (HU), i.e., material-loading, geometric-loading, material-geometric, and material-geometric-loading uncertainties, for RTO of continuum structures is presented in this paper. A truncated Karhunen-Loeve expansion is adopted for uncertainty representation and a sparse grid collocation method for uncertainty propagation of the objective function and constraints. Effects of the various HU on the compliance and robust design are comprehensively investigated and compared with the RTO models under individual component uncertainty using two continuum benchmarks. An important observation from the results is that the hybrid uncertainty model is a conservative state, and the resulting RTO designs tend towards those with loading uncertainty only

Optimized Design of Multi-Material Cellular Structures by a Level-Set Method With Guyan Reduction

Owing to their tailorable physical properties, periodic cellular structures are considered promising materials for use in various engineering applications. To fully leverage the potential of such structures, it will be necessary to develop a design method that is capable of producing material layouts that are not only intricate but at the same time, readily manufacturable. This paper presents a topology optimization framework for designing well-connected and exact-sized multi-material cellular structures that are to be subjected to temperature change. In this framework, multi-material layouts within designable unit cells are represented using level-set functions and corresponding Boolean operations. The connectivity between exact-sized cells, advantageous in realizing the optimal designs, is guaranteed because of a common length scale assumed between these unit cells and the macrostructure. Increase in the number of degree-of-freedoms and concomitant storage requirements are minimized by applying the Guyan reduction method, in which the secondary degree-of-freedom is condensed out to reduce the size of the discretized model. The design capabilities of the proposed method were investigated using several numerical models. The optimized material layouts show that the presented method can create innovative designs facilitating the thermal expansion to improve the performance and enhance overall layouts' stiffness in different ways, especially when the design is constituted of multiple materials