Numerical investigation of the effect of changes in blood viscosity on parameters hemodynamic blood flow in the left coronary artery with consideration capturing fluid–solid interaction

Cardiovascular diseases are unfortunately one of the leading causes of death in today's society. It is important to analyze blood flow in various parts of the circulatory system. The coronary artery is made up of four main arteries, and the left coronary artery is responsible for delivering blood to the heart muscle. This research utilizes computational fluid dynamics and finite element methods to investigate and analyze coronary vessels by studying changes in blood characteristics. The aim of this study is to analyze and model the flow of blood under different conditions of the coronary vessels, with a particular focus on the vessels on the left side. This is in response to changes in hematocrit, which can cause an increase or decrease in blood viscosity (μp) (N.s/m2). In general, by applying condition flexibility for the vessel, it is possible to reduce pressure distribution on the wall when compared to the rigid model. When considering changes in viscosity (μ) (kg/m. s), such as an increase from 0.0029 to 0.0067, this can lead to changes in the shear stress distribution (N/m2) on the wall. Specifically, this increase in blood viscosity (μp) (N.s/m2) causes maximum tension, resulting in the wall shear WSS (N/m2) rising from 60 to 154 Pascal's, which is a 140% increase. Based on the current data, it appears that there is a high flow pressure in the artery, resulting in maximum relative pressure values of 6300 and 6450 Pascal's for the rigid and flexible models, respectively, at the separating joint of the bifurcation

Prevalence of mycotic endometritis in buffaloes and mares maintained under different managemental conditions in District Faisalabad

In the present study, the prevalence of mycotic endometritis (ME) in buffaloes and mares in district Faisalabad, Pakistan was investigated. Uterine flush samples were aseptically collected from 144 buffaloes and 75 mares and incubated on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar for two weeks. The overall prevalence of ME was 3.5% in buffaloes and 2.7% in mares. Ultrasonographically, buffaloes with ME had thicker endometrium (P<0.05) than that of buffaloes without ME (9.66±0.9460 mm vs 8.97 ± 0.0816 mm). Buffaloes bred through artificial insemination showed lower (P<0.05) incidence of ME than those bred through natural mating (2.3% vs 12.5%). In mares, stocking density (1.44% for 1-5 animals/paddock vs 33.3% for >10 animals/paddock), history of abortion and retained fetal membranes were significant risk factors (P<0.05) for the prevalence of ME. Management condition, body condition score and parity were not associated with the prevalence of ME in either species. In addition, herd size and reproductive problems had no effect on the prevalence of this problem in buffaloes. Antifungal susceptibility testing for buffalo isolates showed that all three isolated genera (Penicillium, Aspergillus and Rhizopus) were susceptible to itraconazole, Penicillium being the most susceptible. Penicillium and Aspergillus were resistant to fluconazole; however, Rhizopus was susceptible to fluconazole. In mares, out of the two isolates (Penicillium and Candida), Penicillium was susceptible to itraconazole and resistant to fluconazole, while Candida was resistant to both drugs. It is concluded that the prevalence of ME is not threatening in either species. However, buffaloes bred through natural mating; mares reared under high stocking density or those with history of abortion and retained fetal membranes have high risk of developing the disease

A Comprehensive Investigation Of Novel Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana) Products From South Punjab, Pakistan

Ber also known as jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana) is an evergreen shrub and known as poor man’s apple belongs to the Rhamnacae family. It is a minor fruit of Pakistan with short post-harvest shelf life. The present study was planned to develop jujube products such as jam, syrup, jelly, dehydrated jujubes, pickle, and candied jujube from Dil Bahar cultivar followed by a shelf-life study based on TSS, Ascorbic acid, total sugars, moisture and crude fiber content at prescribed intervals. Results showed higher total phenolic content in Dil Bahar (144.38 mgGAE/100g) cultivar as compared to other cultivars. Shelf life study showed that total soluble solids of jujube products increased when storage time increased. Moisture content in products was reduced as storage time was increased. Ascorbic acid content showed significant values when storage time was increased. Sugars content in products showed significantly high values with increased storage time. Crude fiber content showed a minute difference and remained stable when storage time was increased

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study

Background: Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling. Methods: The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18-49, 50-69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty. Results: NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351; best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733; best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840; best case 1196, worst case 3066). NNVs for surgical patients remained favourable at a range of SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates in sensitivity analysis modelling. Globally, prioritizing preoperative vaccination of patients needing elective surgery ahead of the general population could prevent an additional 58 687 (best case 115 007, worst case 20 177) COVID-19-related deaths in 1 year. Conclusion: As global roll out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination proceeds, patients needing elective surgery should be prioritized ahead of the general population