Forest management and future changes to ecosystem services in the Romanian Carpathians

This study investigates consequences of future changes to the provision of ecosystem services (ES) in the Romanian Carpathians. Two 2040 forest management scenarios were compared, using two indicators to describe the gains and losses of ES. Changes in landslide regulation potential were defined as changes to landslide susceptibility. High nature value grasslands characterized biodiversity support. The business as usual scenario results in a 8% lower loss of landslide regulation potential compared to the alternative scenario. It also results in a 29% higher regional net gain of landslide regulation potential. Both scenarios result in the loss of biodiversity support due to their prevalent transition of forest expansion. This type of information is crucial for informing decision makers on the locations of potential gains and losses of future development

Effect of co-doped SnO2 nanoparticles on the optical properties of Cu-doped lithium potassium borate glass

The co-doped SnO2 nanoparticles of lithium potassium borate doped with Cu glass were prepared using the chemical quenching technique. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the amorphous nature of the sample. The morphology was determined using high resolution scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The photoluminescence properties and energy band gaps of the glass were investigated. The changes in the energy band gap were due to the concentration of SnO2 nanoparticles and copper ions. An enhancement of almost three times was shown when SnO2 nanoparticles were added as co-dopants to 0.1 mol% of Cu and the peak shapes shifted from blue luminescence to blue and green luminescence

Mechanism of thermoluminescence

This investigation presents the theory for the phenomenon of thermoluminescence (TL). The basic principle gives simple model to the emission of light from an insulator or semiconductor by released charge carriers from traps when it is heated. In this study has be explain the three essential ingredients necessary for the production of thermoluminescence, first, second and general – order kinetic. This work lead to explain methods to analysis TL glow peaks to determine various parameters, such as the trap depths E and the frequency factors S. This work provides simple information to understand the thermoluminescence

An Islamic perspective on preventing sexual abuse against children

Sexual abuse against children in Malaysia has been consistently on the rise. The Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development, Malaysia has stated that a total of 1,721 cases of sexual crimes against children were recorded in the first half of 2020. Most offenders in such cases were family members, guardians and those close to the children. This is an alarming number. Islam treats sexual abuse against children as a serious offence that must be strictly curbed. In Islam, any sexual activity out of wedlock is condemned and considered as a punishable act. It is even worse when the act is committed against the will of victim or it is committed against those who are physically and mentally weak as well as those whose consent is not yet valid such as children. This article discusses measures to prevent sexual abuse against children which are derived from the Shari’ah principles. It adopts a doctrinal study of existing primary and secondary materials relating to theories of victimization and methods to prevent criminal victimization against children from the Islamic perspectives. Hence, Shari’ah texts and juristic views on the relevant issues are essential to be analysed. The finding of this article confirms that Islam has a unique approach to deal with this issue and to even prevent the crime before it is committed. Islam suggests proactive steps that could be observed by individuals, guardians, the community as well as authorities concerned to ensure that the children are protected and do not become gullible victims

Luminescence properties of Dy3+ and Sm3+: Potassium lithium borate glass

The present paper describes the spectral properties of Sm3+ (0.4 mol%) and Dy3+ (0.4 mol%) ions-doped 20Li2O-10K2O-70B2O3 glasses. X-ray diffraction method was use to confirm the amorphous phase of samples. The physical properties have been determined based on UV absorption spectra. The hypersensitive transition of Dy3+ and Sm3+ is found due to transition of (6F11/2,6H9/2) and (6F7/2), respectively. The emission bands of Dy3+: glass has shown around 572 nm, 612 nm and 646 nm; these emissions are attributed to the transitions of 4F9/2 →6H15/2 (yellow), 4F9/2 - 6H13/2 (red) and 4F9/2 -6H11/2 (red). With regard to Sm3+: glass has three emission bands those have been generated from 4G5/2 → 6H5/2 (616 nm), 4G5/2 → 6H7/2 (660 nm) and 4G5/2 → 6H9/2 (719 nm) transitions. The current results promise several applications in optical fields such as UV-sensor, developing new color light sources and tunable visible laser

Harmonising criminal justice system

The chapter will look into the development of the Malaysian criminal justice system, civil and Shari’ah, for the purpose of examining the grounds of harmonisation with the idea of shifting the Malaysian criminal justice system from that of punitiveto restorative. It is hoped that the analysis can help authorities and experts to focus more on the possibilities of harmonising the country’s criminal justice system with Islamic criminal law

Effect of Co-Doped Sno2 nanoparticles on photoluminescence of Cu-Doped potassium lithium borate glass

The SnO{sub 2} co-doped lithium potassium borate glasses doped with 0.05, 0.10, 0.25 and 0.50 mol% of Cu were synthesized by the melt quenching technique. The SnO{sub 2} co-dope was added to the compounds in the amounts of 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20 mol%. The photoluminescent spectrum for different concentrations of copper was studied. It was observed that the intensity of blue emission (450, 490 nm) varies with concentration mol%. In addition, with different concentration of SnO{sub 2} to 0.10 mol% Cu, the influence of the luminescence has been observed to enhance intensity and shifted to blue and red (490, 535 nm) emissions

Energy response and thermoluminescence properties of lithium potassium borate Glass co-doped with Cu and SnO2 nanoparticles

SnO2 nanoparticles doped lithium potassium borate with Cu-doped was prepared by melt-quenching technique. The field emission scanning electron microscope was used to examine morphology of samples. The TLD-Reader 4500 was used to measurement of thermoluminescence. The glow curves position of Cu-doped and co-doped SnO2 glass were recorded at about 205 °C and 215 °C respectively. The linear relationship of dose-TL intensity was observed for both samples. The TLD sensitivity shows that the co-doped SnO2 glass has almost 6 time higher sensitivity compared to Cu-doped glass. It was found that the theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the experimental results for relative energy response. The activation energy and frequency factor of TL glow peak are determined by using the peak shape method

Infrared spectra and energy band gap of potassium lithium borate glass dosimetry

Fourier transform infra red (FTIR) and energy band gap of potassium lithium borate glasses of different composition have been studied using Fourier FTIR and UV-VIS spectroscopy techniques. The glasses were melted in the alumina crucible in an electric furnace at 1100°C for 30 min until homogenous melt was obtained. The X-ray diffraction analysis was adopted for confirming the amorphous nature of glass samples. From optical data direct, indirect energy band gap and cutoff wavelength has been calculated