Neuroanatomical correlates of attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder accounting for comorbid oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder

Aim: An increasing number of neuroimaging studies have been conducted to uncover the pathophysiology of attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The findings are inconsistent, however, at least partially due to methodological differences. In the present study voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to evaluate brain morphology in ADHD subjects after taking into account the confounding effect of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) comorbidity. Methods: Eighteen children with ADHD and 17 age-and gender-matched typically developing subjects underwent high-spatial resolution magnetic resonance imaging. The regional gray matter volume differences between the children with ADHD and controls were examined with and without accounting for comorbid ODD and CD in a voxel-by-voxel manner throughout the entire brain. Results: The VBM indicated significantly smaller regional gray matter volume in regions including the bilateral temporal polar and occipital cortices and the left amygdala in subjects with ADHD compared with controls. Significantly smaller regional gray matter volumes were demonstrated in more extensive regions including the bilateral temporal polar cortices, bilateral amygdala, right occipital cortex, right superior temporal sulcus, and left middle frontal gyrus after controlling for the confounding effect of comorbid ODD and CD. Conclusion: Morphological abnormalities in ADHD were seen not only in the regions associated with executive functioning but also in the regions associated with social cognition. When the effect of comorbid CD and ODD was taken into account, there were more extensive regions with significantly smaller volume in ADHD compared to controls.ArticlePSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES. 64(4):394-402 (2010)journal articl

Impact of behavioral/developmental disorders comorbid with conduct disorder

Aims: The aim of the present study was to verify the comorbidity of conduct disorder (CD) and behavioral/developmental disorders in children and adolescents, and to examine the traits of CD comorbid with them. Methods: Subjects were 64 children (60 boys, four girls) who were resident at three institutions for delinquent children or who were conduct-disordered outpatients of a university hospital aged under 18 years. A diagnostic interview was carried out by experienced child psychiatrists and the intelligence score and the Adverse Childhood Experiences score were measured by a licensed psychologist. Results: A total of 57 children were diagnosed as having CD, of whom 26 (45.6%) were diagnosed with comorbid attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 12 were diagnosed with comorbid pervasive developmental disorder (PDD, 21,1%), and 19 (33.3%) had no comorbidity of either disorder. Six children (18.8% of CD comorbid with ADHD) met the criteria for both ADHD and PDD. The group with comorbid PDD was significantly younger at onset (F = 6.51, P = 0.003) and included unsocialized type more frequently (KH2 = 6.66, P = 0.036) compared with the other two groups. Conclusions: Clinicians should be aware that not only ADHD but also PDD may be comorbid with CD. Establishment of the correct diagnosis is important because recognizing the presence of PDD will enable us to provide appropriate treatment and guidance, which may improve prognosis.ArticlePSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES. 63(6):762-768 (2009)journal articl

Study on the way of educational practical training of special needs education in at the special needs class in the affiliated school, Hiroshima Univerisity

本研究は，附属学校の特別支援学級における教育実習において，実習終了後に行う公立特別支援学校での教育実習のさらなる充実を図り，学部の教育と附属の実習，公立特別支援学校での実習の連続性整備のためにプログラムの見直しや改善を図ると共に，そのあり方について検討する。附属東雲小学校・中学校は大学の特別支援教育学講座と連携し，教育実習の内容の検討や改善に向けての提言を受ける他，具体的な大学における取り組みとも連動するようにした。さらに，特別支援教育実習協議会を通して特別支援学校との連携を図り，実習校と学生へのアンケート調査によって課題を明らかにした。また，全国の附属学校特別支援学級の連絡協議会を活用し，教育実習における実情や課題を情報交換することで、情報の共有化を図り新たな知見も得た。このような取り組みを進めていく中で，実習の事前指導にあたり，公立特別支援学校との連携が不足していたことが課題としてあげられた。この課題を解決していくために，教育実習に対しての附属学校としての取り組みを改善すると共に，より具体的かつ実用的な指導や評価を行い，内容を引き継ぐシステムの構築が必要であることが明らかとなった。The purpose of this research is to improve the teaching practice at the public special support school which is carried out after completion of the educational practice of the attached school special support class and to improve the educational practice of the undergraduate school and the special special support school We reviewed the contents of teaching practice and examined improvement. Attached Shinonome Elementary School and Junior High School have a special support education course lecture of the Graduate school of pedagogy and a public education practice meeting with the public special support school, and from the questionnaire survey to each school and the student, lack of cooperation with the public special support school It was made clear that it was. In order to solve the problem, it is necessary to instruct teacher interns more practical guidance and evaluation, and to inherit the contents to the public special support school

Conventional IVF デノ long protocol ニオケル hCG トウヨビ ノ ケッチュウ progesterone チ ト ニンシン セイセキ ニ ツイテ

Long protocol(L)下でのconventional IVF(cIVF)において,hCG 切り替え日の血中progesterone(P)値とcIVF における種々の因子及び妊娠成績との関係について検討した.不妊外来を受診した患者で,L 下でcIVF を施行された486 例,706 周期を対象とした.hCG 切り替え日の血中P 値と血中estradiol(E2)値,総hMG 投与量,採卵数,正常受精(2PN)発生数,2PN 発生率,良好胚(G1)胚数,G1 胚発生率,子宮内膜厚(EM),leaf pattern の有無,妊娠率等との関係について検討した.P 値とE2 値,採卵数,2PN 発生数,G1胚数との間には,有意な正の相関関係が認められた(P<0.01).2PN 発生率との間には有意な負の相関関係が認められた(P<0.01).子宮内膜におけるleaf patternの有無を見ると,leaf( +)の群ではleaf( &#8722;)の群に比べ有意にP 値が低かった(P<0.01).また,P 値レベル別での妊娠率,多胎率,流産率の比較では,P 値2.1&#8722;2.5 ng/ml で妊娠率が有意に高かった(P<0.05).P 値レベルは,E2 値,採卵数,2PN 発生数およびG1 胚発生数と相関している.これらのことから,P 値レベルは卵胞成熟および卵のquality を示す一つのシグナルとなり得ることが明らかになった.一方,P 値レベルが子宮内膜の肥厚や妊娠率に影響していないことも判明した.Objectives:The aim of this study was to evaluate thecorrelation between serum progesterone (P) levels on theday of hCG administration and various factors includingpregnancy outcome in a conventional IVF( cIVF) long protocolstimulation.Material and methods:Seven hundred six IVF cyclesusing a long protocol with GnRH agonist and hMG involving486 patients were studied. This study retrospectivelyevaluated the correlation of serum P levels on the day ofhCG administration with serum estradiol (E2) levels, totaldose of hMG, number of oocytes retrieved, number of normalfertilized oocytes, normal fertilized oocytes rate, numbersof high quality oocytes (G1), G1 rate, endometrialthickness, presence of endometrial leaf pattern and pregnancyoutcome in cIVF.Results:A significant positive correlation was observedbetween serum P levels on the day of hCG administrationand serum E2 levels, number of oocytes retrieved, numberof normal fertilized oocytes and numbers of G1,( p<0.01).A significant negative association was observed betweenserum P levels on the day of hCG administration and normalfertilized oocytes rate( p<0.01).Serum P levels on the day of hCG administration of theleaf( +) group( presence of endometrial leaf pattern) wassignificantly low in comparison with that of the leaf (&#8722;)group( p<0.01).Among the six groups, the pregnancy ratein P levels from 2.1 to 2.5 ng/ml was significantly high incomparison with others.Conclusion:A significant positive correlation was observedbetween serum P levels on the day of hCG administrationand E2 levels, number of oocytes retrieved, numberof normal fertilized oocytes and numbers of G1. Among thesix groups, the pregnancy rate in P levels from 2.1 to 2.5ng/ml was significantly high in comparison with others. Accordingto two above-mentioned results, we conclude thatan appropriate P levels is important for oocyte maturation

シュウサンキ リョウイキ ニオケル Gガタ カンエン ウイルス ノ リンショウテキ イギ : オナジ フラビ ウイルス カ ニ ゾクスル Cガタ カンエン ウイルス ト ヒカク シテ

HBV, HCV 同様血清肝炎を惹起する可能性を示唆されているHGV の(1)妊婦における検出率,(2)母子感染の自然史,そのリスクファクター及びキャリア化児の予後,(3)キャリア妊婦及びキャリア化児における肝機能を前方視的に調査し,同ウイルスの周産期における臨床的意義を同じフラビウイルス科に属するHCV と比較検討した.対象は1996&#12316;2004 年に当科を受診した妊婦3,738 名(HGV),4,023 名(HCV)とキャリア妊婦の出生児14 名(HGV),24 名(HCV)である.HGV RNA は RT-PCR 法(定性)k,real-time PCR(定量)及びcycle-sequence 法(genome sequence)により,HGV-E2 抗体はELISA 法を用いて,またHCV RNA はnested RT-PCR(定性),real- time PCR(定量)により,またHCV-Ab は2nd 及び3rd generation EIA を用いて測定した.対象児の血清サンプルは臍帯血から最長119 ヶ月まで定期的に検査に供された.妊婦におけるHGV RNA, HCV RNA の検出率は各々0.64%(24/3,738),0.60%(24/4,023)であり両者に有意差を認めなかった(p=0.7984).HGV-E2 抗体の検出率は4.4%(82/1,858)であり,HGV RNA とHGV-E2 抗体は相互排他的であった.HGV RNA 単独陽性妊婦で肝機能異常は見られなかった.出生児におけるHGV RNA,HCV RNA 陽性はそれぞれ64.3%(10/16),12.5%(3/24)に認められ,両ウイルス陽性児とも経膣分娩症例であり,キャリア妊婦のviral loads はそれぞれ107 及び105 copies/ml 以上の症例であった.HGV 母子感染と推測された4 組の母子ペア血清を用いたHGV RNA シークエンス相同性の検討では各母子間で100%の一致率が得られ,HGV 母子感染の直接的証拠が得られた.キャリア化した9 名の児のうち1名が肝機能異常(sALT 値>110 U/L)を呈したが,これはHCV との重複感染例であった.フォローアップ中にHCV では約16.7%がキャリア化後3 年以内に脱キャリア化したが,HGV キャリア児ではRNA 陰性化は少なくとも最長約10 年間のフォローアップ期間中には皆無であった.妊婦のHGV 及びHCV 保有率(キャリア率)はほぼ同等であり,一方母子感染率は前者が後者の約5.1 倍に達し,母子感染がHGV キャリアの主たる供給源であることが示唆された.HGV およびHCV 母子感染では,キャリア妊婦の血中viral loads 及び経膣分娩がリスクファクターであることが示された.さらに,同じフラビウイルス科に属しながら,HGV はHCV とは異なり,肝傷害性が殆ど無いことが判明した.The epidemiology and natural history of mother-to-childtransmission( MTCT) of hepatitis G virus( HGV) were investigatedto evaluate potential clinical significance of HGVin perinatal periods. The data was discussed by comparisonwith those of a well-known flavivirus, hepatitis C virus(HCV).During the periods from 1996 to 2006, 3,738 pregnantwomen received screening tests for HGV RNA and 4,023pregnant women received screening tests for HCV Antibodies(Ab). HGV RNA-positive pregnant women weretested for HGV-E2 Ab and HCV Ab-positive pregnantwomen were tested for HCV RNA. HGV- and HCV RNApositivewomen underwent the measurement of viral loadswith use of real-time PCR. With informed consent, 14 infantsborn to HGV carrier mothers and 24 infants born toHCV carrier mothers were followed from birth to 19months of age by receiving the measurement of serumHGV- or HCV RNA and sAST/sALT levels.HGV RNA was detected in 0.64 % (24/3,738) of thewomen tested and HCV RNA was detected in 0.60 %(24/4,023) of the women tested. HGV-E2 Ab was detectedin 4.4 % and mutually exclusive with HGV RNA. Nine ofthe 14 infants born to HGV carrier mothers( 64.3%) and 3of 24 infants born to HCV carrier mothers (12.5 %) developedHGV and HCV carrier-states respectively. The homologyof HGV RNA sequences was perfectly identical betweenthe 4 paired sera of mother-child.Both of vaginal delivery mode and maternal viral loads atdelivery (HGV>107, HCV>105 copies/ml) were suggestedas one of risk factors for MTCT. The elevation of sAST/sALT levels (>110 U/L) in the HGV and HCV carrier infantswere 7.1%( 1/9) and 66.7%(2/3) respectively. However,one HGV carrier infant with elevated sAST/sALTlevels was found to be a HCV carrier.We conclude that HGV MTCT occurs very frequently,but HGV is not so significant in perinatal periods comparedwith another flavivirus, HCV

Identification of a Modified HOXB9 mRNA in Breast Cancer

First identified as a developmental gene, HOXB9 is also known to be involved in tumor biological processes, and its aberrant expression correlates with poor prognosis of various cancers. In this study, we isolated a homeodomain-less, novel HOXB9 variant (HOXB9v) from human breast cancer cell line-derived mRNA. We confirmed that the novel variant was produced from variationless HOXB9 genomic DNA. RT-PCR of mRNA isolated from clinical samples and reanalysis of publicly available RNA-seq data proved that the new transcript is frequently expressed in human breast cancer. Exogenous HOXB9v expression significantly enhanced the proliferation of breast cancer cells, and gene ontology analysis indicated that apoptotic signaling was suppressed in these cells. Considering that HOXB9v lacks key domains of homeobox proteins, its behavior could be completely different from that of the previously described variationless HOXB9. Because none of the previous studies on HOXB9 have considered the presence of HOXB9v, further research analyzing the two transcripts individually is warranted to re-evaluate the true role of HOXB9 in cancer

Polysulfide Serves as a Hallmark of Desmoplastic Reaction to Differentially Diagnose Ductal Carcinoma In Situ and Invasive Breast Cancer by SERS Imaging

Pathological examination of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) needle-biopsied samples by certified pathologists represents the gold standard for differential diagnosis between ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive breast cancers (IBC), while information of marker metabolites in the samples is lost in the samples. Infrared laser-scanning large-area surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) equipped with gold-nanoparticle-based SERS substrate enables us to visualize metabolites in fresh-frozen needle-biopsied samples with spatial matching between SERS and HE staining images with pathological annotations. DCIS (n = 14) and IBC (n = 32) samples generated many different SERS peaks in finger-print regions of SERS spectra among pathologically annotated lesions including cancer cell nests and the surrounding stroma. The results showed that SERS peaks in IBC stroma exhibit significantly increased polysulfide that coincides with decreased hypotaurine as compared with DCIS, suggesting that alterations of these redox metabolites account for fingerprints of desmoplastic reactions to distinguish IBC from DCIS. Furthermore, the application of supervised machine learning to the stroma-specific multiple SERS signals enables us to support automated differential diagnosis with high accuracy. The results suggest that SERS-derived biochemical fingerprints derived from redox metabolites account for a hallmark of desmoplastic reaction of IBC that is absent in DCIS, and thus, they serve as a useful method for precision diagnosis in breast cancer