Newman-Penrose Formalism for Gravitational Shock Waves

First order perturbations for the fields with spin on the background metric of the gravitational shock waves are discussed. Applying the Newman -- Penrose formalism, exact solutions of the perturbation equations are obtained. For particle physics, this would be one approach to the problem of scattering paticle at Planck energy.Comment: Latex 10 page

Variable Grid Finite-Difference Modeling Including Surface Topography

We have developed a two-dimensional viscoelastic finite-difference modeling method for highly complex topography. Realistic modeling of seismic wave propagation in the near surface is complicated by many factors, such as strong heterogeneity, topographic relief and large attenuation. In order to account for these complications, we use a velocity-stress staggered grid and employ an 0(2,4) accurate viscoelastic finite-difference scheme. The implementation includes an irregular free surface condition for topographic relief and a variable grid technique in the shallow parts of the model. Numerical tests indicate that approximately ten grid-points per shortest wavelength results in accurate calculations. The method is accurate and stable, and allows us to handle complex structure in finite-difference modeling.Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Borehole Acoustics and Logging ConsortiumMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Earth Resources Laboratory. Reservoir Delineation ConsortiumUnited States. Dept. of Energy (Grant DE-FG02-98ER14846

Dilatonic Inflation and SUSY Breaking in String-inspired Supergravity

The theory of inflation will be investigated as well as supersymmetry breaking in the context of supergravity, incorporating the target-space duality and the nonperturbative gaugino condensation in the hidden sector. We found an inflationary trajectory of a dilaton field and a condensate field which breaks supersymmetry at once. The model satisfies the slow-roll condition which solves the eta-problem. When the particle rolls down along the minimized trajectory of the potential V(S,Y) at a duality invariant point of T=1, we can obtain the e-fold value \sim 57. And then the cosmological parameters obtained from our model well match the recent WMAP data combined with other experiments. This observation suggests one to consider the string-inspired supergravity as a fundamental theory of the evolution of the universe as well as the particle theory.Comment: 10 pages, 4 eps figures. Typos and references corrected. Final version to appear in Mod. Phys. Lett.

Glucose-6-phosphatase activity in regenerating cholangiole cells and hepatoma cells

Histogenesis of hepatic cancer has been analysed by observing glycogen by PAS staining and the histochemically demonstrable G-6-Pase activity on the liver of rats fed with 3'-Me-DAB or 3'-Ni-DAB. By observations on normal hepatic tissue it has been revealed that these two reactions are specific to the cytoplasm of liver parenchymal cells. Observations on the liver from the early stage of dye feeding, up to 100 days, show a marked proliferation of cholangioles in 3'-Me-DAB feeding on polished rice but only a poor reaction of cholangioles in 3'-Me-DAB feeding with synthetic diet. After 15-16 weeks of 3'-Me-DAB feeding cancer develops, a great erpart of which is consisted of cholangiocellular carcinoma and a portion, hepatocellular carcinoma. Histochemical observations on G-6-Pase and glycogen reveal that regenerating cholangiole and adenomatous tissues seem to have poles, on one side, the cells differentiate to liver parenchymal cells and on the other side, they differentiate to bile duct cells. Cancers develop mainly from these regenerating adenomatous tissues and they develop to cholangiocellular cancer or to hepatocellular cancer. The histogenesis of the latter can be traced histochemically. In the cases fed with 3'-Ni-DAB, the activity of cholangiole cells and the development of adenomatous tissue are rather poor with the delayed cancer formation. However, in these cases the majority of cancers are of hepatocellular carcinoma and the developmental mode of hepatocellular cancer can easily be traced by the G-6-Pase activity.</p

Specific antigen of tumor cell transformed by DNA extracted from SV-40 virus

In the immunofluorescent study it has been revealed that rabbit sera immunized with transformed cells induced by SV-40 DNA, produce circulating antibody capable of re:lcting with intranuclear antigens synthesized by SV-40 complyte virus transforming process, In addition, the result confirmed that SV-40 DNA replicates DNA-containing viruses in the host cell and that also the genome coding for the synthesis of SV-40 tumor antigen is resposible for viral DNA.</p

Moment of Inertia Dependence of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines in Pulsating Winds

Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs) are unaffected by changes in wind direction, and they have a simple structure and the potential for high efficiency due to their lift driving force. However, VAWTs are affected by changes in wind speed, owing to effects originating from the moment of inertia. In this study, changes in the rotational speed of a small VAWT in pulsating wind, generated by an unsteady wind tunnel, are investigated by varying the wind cycle and amplitude parameters. It is shown that the responses observed experimentally agree with simulations based on torque characteristics obtained under steady rotational conditions. Additionally, a simple equation expressing the relationship between the rotational change width and amplitude of the pulsating wind is presented. The energy efficiency in a pulsating wind remains constant with changes in both the moment of inertia and the wind cycle; however, the energy efficiency decreases when the wind amplitude is large

Property Tax of Common Land <Paper>

平成27年７月最高裁は，ため池として所有者欄に「大字西」として登記されるが，建物敷地として賃貸されている土地（参考・後掲）等について，地方税法343条２項後段の類推適用により，土地の所在する地区の住民により組織されている自治会又は町会（以下「自治会等」という）が固定資産税及び都市計画税（以下「固定資産税等」という）の納税義務者に当たるとした原審の判断に違法があると判示し，原判決のうち当該部分を破棄，高裁に差し戻した。本件については，固定資産税等の賦課徴収を留保し続けることは望ましくないと思うものの，賦課する場合には，立法論として現在の規定の一部変更が必要であると考える

Freelance Income Classification（Australia）

フリーランスの所得区分は，労働関係法上，独立事業者か従業員か明らかでない部分が多く，そのことを受け所得税法上の事業所得であるのか給与所得であるのかは，必ずしも明確ではない。本稿では，オーストラリアにおける雇用と自営との中間的な働き方をする者に関する税法と労働関係法について紹介し検討を加えている。 APSI法では，シェアリングエコノミーにおけるフリーランスを，節税のための法人として否認し，経費制限・源泉徴収などで規制しようとする。一方，労働関係法で，公正作業法・独立請負人法の保護があり，オーストラリアのフリーランスの所得区分は，課税と労働関係法とのバランスの上に存在している