Advance crew procedures development techniques: Procedures generation program requirements document

The Procedures Generation Program (PGP) is described as an automated crew procedures generation and performance monitoring system. Computer software requirements to be implemented in PGP for the Advanced Crew Procedures Development Techniques are outlined

Field‐dependent relaxation and absolute nuclear shielding of 207Pb in liquid PbCl4

Relaxation times T1 and T2 of 207Pb in liquid PbCl4 have been studied for the purpose of establishing an absolute nuclear shielding scale for lead. T1 has been decomposed into scalar and spin‐rotation contributions using variable temperature measurements at the two field strengths 6.59 and 16.90 kG. T2 is much shorter than T1 and is strongly dominated by scalar coupling to chlorine. Knowledge of the scalar contributions to T1 and T2 determines the halogen relaxation times (τ35 = 7.15 μsec at 25°C), the lead‐chlorine coupling constant [(J(207Pb−35Cl) = 705 Hz)], and the reorientational correlation time (τθ = 1.72 × 10−11 sec at 25°C). A correlation time τJ for the angular momentum vector has been computed using J diffusion theory, but the value obtained appears to be too short (0.8–2.9 × 10−14 sec) to be meaningful in terms of classical diffusion of rigid molecules. Nevertheless, the known range of 207Pb chemical shifts places an absolute upper limit on τJ of 6 × 10−14 sec at 263°K. The physical significance of such short correlation times is discussed, and it is concluded that τJ probably describes collision‐induced distortions in the molecular structure. Experimental values of the spin‐rotation contribution to (T1)−1 are used in conjunction with estimated values of τJ to compute limiting values for the spin‐rotation constant that place limits on the paramagnetic part of the magnetic shielding constant. A shielding scale previously deduced from optical pumping data is discussed, and a source of possibly substantial error in this scale is pointed out.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70479/2/JCPSA6-60-3-1009-1.pd

Field dependence of nuclear magnetic relaxation of 207Pb in aqueous Pb(ClO4)2

Nuclear magnetic relaxation times of the 207Pb resonance have been measured as a function of temperature and concentration at field strengths of 16.9, 11.7, and 6.56 kG in aqueous Pb(ClO4)2. Longitudinal relaxation is composed of spin‐rotation, chemical shift anisotropy, and dipolar contributions in a 3.5M solution, while spin‐rotation strongly dominates the relaxation at all temperatures between the melting and boiling points in a 1.15M solution. T2 accurately equals T1 at 1.15M, as is expected for a dominant spin‐rotation interaction, but is 20–30% shorter in the 3.5M solution, possibly due to a minor relaxation component arising from scalar coupling to naturally abundant H217OH217O. Chemical shifts of 207Pb have also been measured in aqueous Pb(ClO4)2 and Pb(NO3)2. The chemical shift and relaxation data show that ClO4− penetrates the Pb+2 hydration sphere at concentrations above about 2M, but no effects of such penetration are seen at lower concentration.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70168/2/JCPSA6-60-4-1522-1.pd

Crew procedures development techniques

The study developed requirements, designed, developed, checked out and demonstrated the Procedures Generation Program (PGP). The PGP is a digital computer program which provides a computerized means of developing flight crew procedures based on crew action in the shuttle procedures simulator. In addition, it provides a real time display of procedures, difference procedures, performance data and performance evaluation data. Reconstruction of displays is possible post-run. Data may be copied, stored on magnetic tape and transferred to the document processor for editing and documentation distribution

Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling of Magnetohydrodynamic Augmented Propulsion Experiment

Over the past several years, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center has engaged in the design and development of an experimental research facility to investigate the use of diagonalized crossed-field magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) accelerators as a possible thrust augmentation device for thermal propulsion systems. In support of this effort, a three-dimensional numerical MHD model has been developed for the purpose of analyzing and optimizing accelerator performance and to aid in understanding critical underlying physical processes and nonideal effects. This Technical Memorandum fully summarizes model development efforts and presents the results of pretest performance optimization analyses. These results indicate that the MHD accelerator should utilize a 45deg diagonalization angle with the applied current evenly distributed over the first five inlet electrode pairs. When powered at 100 A, this configuration is expected to yield a 50% global efficiency with an 80% increase in axial velocity and a 50% increase in centerline total pressure

Knowledge About the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Among Employees at a Tertiary Cancer Center: Room for Improvement

Introduction: The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for routine vaccination of boys and girls to protect against HPV-related cancers and genital warts. To meet the Healthy People 2020 target for HPV vaccination, health care providers must understand the importance of strongly recommending the HPV vaccine to all eligible adolescents. We sought to determine HPV vaccination patterns among employees at a tertiary cancer center and their children and attitudes regarding HPV vaccination among the employees. Methods: All employees at a tertiary cancer center were invited to participate in a cross-sectional survey administered online during July and August 2015. The survey included questions about HPV vaccination of participants and their children, including reasons why vaccine-eligible employees and children had not been vaccinated. Results: Of those eligible, 13% of male and 33% of female employees and 44% of daughters and 24% of sons of employees had completed the vaccine series. The main reasons for not completing the series or not having one’s son completing the series were not knowing that the vaccine was needed and vaccine not recommended by a health care provider. The main reasons for not having one’s daughter complete the series were the two aforementioned reasons and daughter not yet sexually active. Conclusion: Opportunities exist to educate health care workers about the benefits of the HPV vaccine and to increase the number of providers who recommend HPV vaccination to their patients

In vivo Spectroscopic and Imaging Studies of Photosensitizer in Photodynamic Therapy

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) has emerged as a useful cancer treatment modality which utilizes a tumor localizing dye and activating light to selectively destroy neoplastic tissue. In an effort to understand the newly synthesized photosensitizers, we are studying them in a mouse tumor model grown on the dorsal side of the foot by in vivo magnetic resonance techniques. We have synthesized several photosensitizers which are specifically labeled with fluorine. Several coils appropriate for the tumor study by 19F NMR were designed and constructed for this project. The solenoid coil tunable to both 1Hand 19F nuclei was used to monitor the 19F labeled photosensitizer in the mouse foot tumor. An in vivo 19F NMR technique was used to study the retention of the photosensitizer over time in the tumor. We have used 31P NMR to study the outcome of PDT after using the new photosensitizer

Nuclear magnetic relaxation of 207Pb in an aqueous medium

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/33979/1/0000251.pd

Evaluation of Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic for resistance to gray leaf spot

Gray leaf spot (GLS) of maize (Zeamays), caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis, has become an increasing disease problem in the United States. Resistance to this pathogen is generally higher in inbred lines of Lancaster origin compared to lines derived from Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS). This study was conducted to determine whether recurrent selection for yield had altered the level of GLS resistance in BSSS and to identify BSSS(R)Cl 1 S1 lines that combine GLS resistance with high yield. The distribution of GLS ratings for S1 lines derived from BSSSCO and BSSS(R)CI I were very similar, indicating that selection for yield had not altered G LS resistance· levels. Although the mean rating for both cycles was a susceptible 7 (I= resistant, 9 =susceptible), S1 lines with intermediate levels of resistance (4-6) were identified. The 250 BSSS(R)Cl I S1 lines were crossed to LH51, and the testcrosses were evaluated for yield and agronomic performance. S1 lines were identified which combine intermediate levels of GLS resistance with above-average standability and yield. These S1 lines will be recombined to develop an Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic population adapted to eastern maize growing conditions

TECHNICAL AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS IN USING FREIGHT CONTAINERS AS INDUSTRIAL PACKAGES

The United States (US) Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Environmental Management (EM), is actively pursuing activities to reduce the radiological risk and clean up the environmental legacy of the nation's nuclear weapons programs. EM has made significant progress in recent years in the clean-up and closure of sites and is also focusing on longer-term activities necessary for the completion of the clean-up program. The packaging and transportation of contaminated demolition debris and low-level waste (LLW) materials in a safe and cost-effective manner are essential in completing this mission. Toward this end, the US Department of Transportation's (DOT) Final Rule on Hazardous Materials Regulation Final Rule issued January 26, 2004, included a new provision authorizing the use of Freight Containers (e.g., 20 and 40-foot ISO Containers) as Industrial Packages Type 1, 2, or 3 (IP-1, IP-2, and IP-3). This paper will discuss the technical and regulatory considerations in using these newly authorized and large packages for the packaging and transportation of LLW materials