2,166 research outputs found
Nonperturbative Vertices in Supersymmetric Quantum Electrodynamics
We derive the complete set of supersymmetric Ward identities involving only
two- and three- point proper vertices in supersymmetric QED. We also present
the most general form of the proper vertices consistent with both the
supersymmetric and U(1) gauge Ward identities. These vertices are the
supersymmetric equivalent of the non supersymmetric Ball-Chiu vertices.Comment: seventeen pages late
Running coupling and fermion mass in strong coupling QED
Simple toy model is used in order to exhibit the technique of extracting the
non-perturbative information about Green's functions in Minkowski space. The
effective charge and the dynamical electron mass are calculated in strong
coupling 3+1 QED by solving the coupled Dyson-Schwinger equations for electron
and photon propagators. The minimal Ball-Chiu vertex was used for simplicity
and we impose the Landau gauge fixing on QED action. The solution obtained
separately in Euclidean and Minkowski space were compared, the latter one was
extracted with the help of spectral technique.Comment: 23 pages, 4 figures, v4: revised and extended version, one
introductory section adde
Mean field exponents and small quark masses
We demonstrate that the restoration of chiral symmetry at finite-T in a class
of confining Dyson-Schwinger equation (DSE) models of QCD is a mean field
transition, and that an accurate determination of the critical exponents using
the chiral and thermal susceptibilities requires very small values of the
current-quark mass: log_{10}(m/m_u) < -5. Other classes of DSE models
characterised by qualitatively different interactions also exhibit a mean field
transition. Incipient in this observation is the suggestion that mean field
exponents are a result of the gap equation's fermion substructure and not of
the interaction.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, REVTEX, epsfi
A Survey of Ramp and Stair Use among Older Adults
Forty-three community-dwelling adults aged 57 to 95 participated in survey exploring characteristics of ramp use by older ambulant people. Twenty-three respondents said they ascended ramps instead of stairs most of the time, and 14 said they ascended ramps some of the time. Similar numbers were reported for descent. Overall, respondents felt less fatigued, less likely to trip, and more comfortable when using ramps rather than stairs for ascending one level. When descending one level, balance, tripping, and comfort were the strongest determinants of ramp use. Respondents indicated that descent was more problematic, particularly in regard to balance and tripping. The presence of handrails often determined the choice of route. Results from this survey provided the basis for an experiment evaluating the abilities of older people to traverse ramps of various slopes. The ADA Accessibility Guidelines implicitly assume that a ramp accommodates everyone. This study indicates that entrances should have both ramps and stairs.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline
Chiral symmetry breaking in dimensionally regularized nonperturbative quenched QED
In this paper we study dynamical chiral symmetry breaking in dimensionally
regularized quenched QED within the context of Dyson-Schwinger equations. In D
< 4 dimensions the theory has solutions which exhibit chiral symmetry breaking
for all values of the coupling. To begin with, we study this phenomenon both
numerically and, with some approximations, analytically within the rainbow
approximation in the Landau gauge. In particular, we discuss how to extract the
critical coupling alpha_c = pi/3 relevant in four dimensions from the D
dimensional theory. We further present analytic results for the chirally
symmetric solution obtained with the Curtis-Pennington vertex as well as
numerical results for solutions exhibiting chiral symmetry breaking. For these
we demonstrate that, using dimensional regularization, the extraction of the
critical coupling relevant for this vertex is feasible. Initial results for
this critical coupling are in agreement with cut-off based work within the
currently achievable numerical precision.Comment: 24 pages, including 5 figures; submitted to Phys. Rev.
Pseudovector components of the pion, pi^0 -> gamma gamma, and F_pi(q^2)
As a consequence of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking the pion
Bethe-Salpeter amplitude necessarily contains terms proportional to gamma_5
gamma.P and gamma_5 gamma.k, where k is the relative and P the total momentum
of the constituents. These terms are essential for the preservation of low
energy theorems, such as the Gell-Mann--Oakes-Renner relation and those
describing anomalous decays of the pion, and to obtaining an electromagnetic
pion form factor that falls as 1/q^2 for large q^2, up to calculable
ln(q^2)-corrections. In a simple model, which correlates low- and high-energy
pion observables, we find q^2 F_pi(q^2) ~ 0.12 - 0.19 GeV^2 for q^2 >~10 GeV^2.Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures, REVTE
Nucleon form factors and a nonpointlike diquark
Nucleon form factors are calculated on q^2 in [0,3] GeV^2 using an Ansatz for
the nucleon's Fadde'ev amplitude motivated by quark-diquark solutions of the
relativistic Fadde'ev equation. Only the scalar diquark is retained, and it and
the quark are confined. A good description of the data requires a nonpointlike
diquark correlation with an electromagnetic radius of 0.8 r_pi. The composite,
nonpointlike nature of the diquark is crucial. It provides for diquark-breakup
terms that are of greater importance than the diquark photon absorption
contribution.Comment: 5 pages, REVTEX, epsfig, 3 figure
The Quark-Photon Vertex and the Pion Charge Radius
The rainbow truncation of the quark Dyson-Schwinger equation is combined with
the ladder Bethe-Salpeter equation for the dressed quark-photon vertex to study
the low-momentum behavior of the pion electromagnetic form factor. With model
gluon parameters previously fixed by the pion mass and decay constant, the pion
charge radius is found to be in excellent agreement with the data. When
the often-used Ball-Chiu Ansatz is used to construct the quark-photon vertex
directly from the quark propagator, less than half of is generated.
The remainder of is seen to be attributable to the presence of the
-pole in the solution of the ladder Bethe-Salpeter equation.Comment: 21 pages, 9 figure
Multiplicative renormalizability and quark propagator
The renormalized Dyson-Schwinger equation for the quark propagator is
studied, in Landau gauge, in a novel truncation which preserves multiplicative
renormalizability. The renormalization constants are formally eliminated from
the integral equations, and the running coupling explicitly enters the kernels
of the new equations. To construct a truncation which preserves multiplicative
renormalizability, and reproduces the correct leading order perturbative
behavior, non-trivial cancellations involving the full quark-gluon vertex are
assumed in the quark self-energy loop. A model for the running coupling is
introduced, with infrared fixed point in agreement with previous
Dyson-Schwinger studies of the gauge sector, and with correct logarithmic tail.
Dynamical chiral symmetry breaking is investigated, and the generated quark
mass is of the order of the extension of the infrared plateau of the coupling,
and about three times larger than in the Abelian approximation, which violates
multiplicative renormalizability. The generated scale is of the right size for
hadronic phenomenology, without requiring an infrared enhancement of the
running coupling.Comment: 17 pages; minor corrections, comparison to lattice results added;
accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Schwinger functions and light-quark bound states
We examine the applicability and viability of methods to obtain knowledge
about bound-states from information provided solely in Euclidean space.
Rudimentary methods can be adequate if one only requires information about the
ground and first excited state and assumptions made about analytic properties
are valid. However, to obtain information from Schwinger functions about higher
mass states, something more sophisticated is necessary. A method based on the
correlator matrix can be dependable when operators are carefully tuned and
errors are small. This method is nevertheless not competitive when an
unambiguous analytic continuation of even a single Schwinger function to
complex momenta is available.Comment: 27 pages, 14 figure
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