25 research outputs found
Frekvencija mikronukleusa u limfocitima periferne krvi osoba izloženih osiromaŔenom uranu
One of the negative environmental impacts of the last armed conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina was the use of radioactive ammunition containing depleted uranium. The United Nations Environment Programme measurements detected higher radioactivity at several examined sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina. One of those places is in the area of HadžiƦi, close to Sarajevo. This research included an evaluation of genetic load in human lymphocytes due to exposure to depleted uranium. The study included individuals who were located in the area of HadžiÄi and who were directly exposed to depleted uranium. The control blood samples were taken from individuals who lived in West Herzegovina which is considered environmentally uncontaminated. The results of the micronucleus cytochalasin-B test in peripheral blood lymphocytes showed increased micronuclei frequencies in the exposed group.Jedan od genotoksina, prisutnih u okoliÅ”u kao posljedica ratnih djelovanja u Bosni i Hercegovini jest osiromaÅ”eni uran. Njegovo porijeklo veže se za upotrebu radioaktivne antitenkovske municije s osiromaÅ”enim uranom. UNEP-ova mjerenja otkrila su poveÄanu radioaktivnost na nekoliko ispitanih lokaliteta od kojih je jedan na podruÄju HadžiÄa, u blizini Sarajeva. NaÅ”e istraživanje obuhvatilo je evaluaciju genetiÄkog optereÄenja u humanim limfocitima periferne krvi osoba koje su bile nastanjene na podruÄju HadžiÄa te bile direktno izložene osiromaÅ”enom uranu. Kao kontrola u istraživanju, uzeta je krv od osoba nastanjenih na podruÄju zapadne Hercegovine, koja se smatra ekoloÅ”ki nekontaminiranom. KoriÅ”tena je metoda mikronukleus-citokalazin B testa, a frekvencije mikronukleusa ispitanika iz obje populacije meÄusobno su komparirane. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju poveÄanu frekvenciju mikronukleusa meÄu ispitanicima eksponirane populacije
Sporadic chromosome translocation frequencies in lymphocyte cultures ā a retrospective study in a cohort of patients from Bosnia and Herzegovina
Aim Chromosome translocations are considered as one of the most severe forms of genome defects. Because of the clinical significance of chromosome translocations and scarce data on the incidence of sporadic translocations in population of Bosnia and Herzegovina, we aimed to report sporadic translocation frequencies in samples karyotyped in our laboratory.
Methods The study group consisted of 108 samples. Whole blood was cultivated in complete medium for 72 hours with the thymidine application at 48th hour to synchronize the cell culture. Metaphases were arrested by colcemid 60 minutes before harvesting. Following hypotonic treatment, cells were fixed and cell suspension was dropped on coded slides. Dried slides were subjected to conventional GTG (G-banding with trypsin-Giemsa) banding and analyzed under 1000x magnification in the accordance with ISCN (International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature) and E.C.A. Cytogenetic Guidelines and Quality Assurance.
Results The incidence of all detected sporadic translocations was 27.81 x 10-4 per metaphase. The incidence of sporadic translocations involving chromosomes 7 and 14, being considered as the most frequent sporadic translocations of the human karyotype in phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated lymphocytes, was 15.89 x 10-4 per metaphase. The most frequent breakpoints were 7p21, 14q11 and 14q21. Other detected sporadic translocation breakpoints were: 1q25, 3p22, 7p13, 7q11.22, 7q33, 14q23 and 19q13.4.
Conclusion Higher incidence of sporadic translocations compared to the similar studies was registered. Since potential explanations for this issue are smaller sample size and higher exposure of examined population to genotoxic agents, further monitoring of sporadic translocation incidences is recommended
Nova in vitro otkriÄa o citotoksiÄnosti halogeniranoga boroksina i deregulaciji gena povezanih sa staniÄnom smrÄu u stanicama GR-M melanoma
Anti-proliferative effects of halogenated boroxine ā K2(B3O3F4OH) (HB) ā have been confirmed in multiple cancer cell lines, including melanoma, but the exact mechanism of action is still unknown. This study aimed to determine its cytotoxic effects on human Caucasian melanoma (GR-M) cell growth in vitro as well as on the expression of cell death-related genes BCL-2, BECN1, DRAM1, and SQSTM1. GR-M and peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells were treated with different HB concentrations and their growth inhibition and relative gene expression profiles were determined using the Alamar blue assay and real-time PCR. HB significantly inhibited cell growth of both GR-M and PBM cells but was even more effective in GR-M melanoma cells, as significant inhibition occurred at a lower HB concentration of 0.2 mg/mL. GR-M BCL-2 expression was significantly downregulated (P=0.001) at HB concentration of 0.4 mg/mL, which suggests that HB is a potent tumour growth inhibitor. At the same time, it upregulated BCL-2 expression in normal (PBM) cells, probably by activating protective mechanisms against induced cytotoxicity. In addition, all but the lowest HB concentrations significantly upregulated SQSTM1 (P=0.001) in GR-M cells. Upregulated BECN1 expression suggests early activation of autophagy at the lowest HB concentration in SQSTM1 cells and at all HB concentrations in PBM cells. Our findings clearly show HB-associated cell death and, along with previous cytotoxicity studies, reveal its promising anti-tumour potential.Antiproliferativni uÄinci halogeniranoga boroksina ā K2(B3O3F4OH) (HB) ā potvrÄeni su u viÅ”e staniÄnih linija raka, ukljuÄujuÄi melanom, ali toÄan mehanizam djelovanja joÅ” uvijek nije poznat. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je utvrditi njegove citotoksiÄne uÄinke na rast stanica ljudskoga melanoma (GR-M) in vitro, kao i na ekspresiju gena BCL-2, BECN1, DRAM1 i SQSTM1, povezanih sa staniÄnom smrÄu. GR-M melanom i mononuklearne stanice periferne krvi (PBM) tretirane su razliÄitim koncentracijama HB-a, a njihova inhibicija rasta i relativni profili ekspresije gena odreÄeni su Alamar blue testom i real-time PCR-om. HB je znaÄajno inhibirao rast GR-M melanoma i PBM stanica, no u GR-M melanomu uÄinci su registrirani pri nižim koncentracijama HB-a. Ekspresija BCL-2 gena u GR-M melanomu bila je znaÄajno smanjena (P=0,001) pri koncentraciji od 0,4 mg/mL, Å”to sugerira da je HB snažan inhibitor rasta tumora. Istodobno, pojaÄao je ekspresiju BCL-2 u normalnim PBM stanicama, vjerojatno aktiviranjem zaÅ”titnih mehanizama protiv inducirane citotoksiÄnosti. Osim toga, sve osim najniže koncentracije HB-a znaÄajno su poveÄale ekspresiju SQSTM1 (P=0,001) u GR-M melanomu. PoveÄana ekspresija BECN1 u najnižoj koncentraciji HB-a u GR-M stanicama i pri svim koncentracijama u PBM stanicama sugerira ranu aktivaciju autofagije. NaÅ”a otkriÄa jasno pokazuju indukciju staniÄne smrti povezane s HB-om i zajedno s prethodnim studijama citotoksiÄnosti otkrivaju njegov obeÄavajuÄi antitumorski potencijal
A retrospective analysis of spontaneous chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocyte cultures of individuals from Bosnia and Herzegovina
Spontaneous chromosomal aberrations are structural or numerical changes of chromosomes that occur naturally, without exposure to external genotoxic factors. They are not inherited, occur randomly in the karyotype, and do not have direct clinical significance. However, they can affect genomic instability and disease predisposition. They can result from DNA replication or repair processes errors, and typically are observed in cells that are actively dividing. Spontaneous chromosomal aberrations may arise due to the natural chromosomal instability and can be elevated in individuals exposed to mutagens. We analyzed frequencies of spontaneous chromosomal aberrations in 137 individuals subjected to karyotype analysis at the Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genotoxicology, University of Sarajevo ā Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, during 2008-2023. Whole blood samples were cultivated for 72 hours with the thymidine added in the 48th hour. Metaphases were arrested by colcemid 60 minutes before harvesting. GTG banding was performed and slides were analyzed under 1000x magnification in accordance with An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature and E.C.A. Cytogenetic Guidelines and Quality Assurance. Constitutionally aberrant karyotypes were found in 2.92% of analysed individuals as well as altered karyotypes considered as normal chromosomal variants. In the total of 3092 analyzed metaphases, 20 spontaneous chromosomal aberrations were found in 13 individuals. This study contributes to the limited knowledge of the cytogenetic status of the Bosnian and Herzegovinian population. Further monitoring of spontaneous chromosomal aberrations incidences is recommended
Effects of dipotassium-trioxohydroxytetrafluorotriborate, K2[B3O3F4OH], on cell viability and gene expression of common human cancer drug targets in a melanoma cell line.
Recently it was found that dipotassium-trioxohydroxytetrafluorotriborate, K2(B3O3F4OH), is a potent and highly specific inhibitor of precancerous cell processes. We conducted gene expression profiling of human melanoma cells before and after treatment with two concentrations (0.1 and 1āmM) of this boron inorganic derivative in order to assess its effects on deregulation of genes associated with tumor pathways. Parallel trypan blue exclusion assay was performed to assess the cytotoxicity effects of this chemical. Treatment with K2(B3O3F4OH) induced a significant decrease of cell viability in melanoma cellline at both tested concentrations. Furthermore, these treatments caused deregulation of more than 30 genes known as common anti-tumor drug targets. IGF-1 and hTERT were found to be significantly downregulated and this result may imply potential use of K2(B3O3F4OH) as an inhibitor or human telomerase and insulin-like growth factor 1, both of which are associated with various tumor pathways
Antiproliferative and genotoxic potential of xanthen-3-one derivatives
Twelve previously synthesized, biologically active 2,6,7-trihydroxyxanthen-3-one derivatives were evaluated in vitro for antiproliferative activity. Compounds were screened against HeLa, SW620, HepG2 and A549 tumor cell lines. Compound with the trifluormethyl group on C-4\u27 position of the phenyl ring showed the best inhibitory activity towards HeLa and A549 tumor cells with IC50 of 0.7 Āµmol Lā1 4.1 Āµmol Lā1, resp. Compound with chlorine and fluorine substituents on aryl ring showed the best antiproliferative activity against SW620 with IC50 of 4.1 Āµmol Lā1 and against HepG2 tumor cell line with IC50 of 4.2 Āµmol Lā1. Analyses of cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of the trifluormethyl derivative were performed with cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay in human lymphocyte culture and revealed no genotoxic and cytotoxic effects. The most potent compounds were subjected to molecular docking simulations in order to analyse bindings to molecular targets and, at the same time, further support the results of experimental cytotoxic tests. Docking studies showed sites of importance in forming hydrogen bonds of the most potent compounds with targets of interest
Overview of Human Population-Genetic Studies in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Last Three Centuries: History and Prospective
Modern Bosnia and Herzegovina is a multi-ethnic and multi-religion country, with a very stormy history. Certain archaeological
findings indicate continuous population of its territory since the Paleolithic. In time, vast number of different
factors jointly influenced fascinating diversity of local human populations. A great number of small, more or less isolated,
indigenous populations, make this area quite attractive for population-genetic surveys of different levels and
approaches. Austro-Hungarian military physicians conducted the very first known bio-anthropological analyses of
Bosnia-Herzegovina population at the end of the 19th century. Thus, the first step towards resolving the genetic structures
of local B&H human populations was made. The studies that followed (conducted throughout most of the 20th century)
were primarily based on the observation of various phenotypic traits. This stage was followed by the examination of various
cytogenetic and fundamental DNA based molecular markers. The efforts undertaken over the last three centuries revealed
Ā»human genetic treasureĀ« in Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, even now, after all the studies that were conducted,
many interesting features remain to be discovered and described within the existing local human populations
Complementarity of Standard Cytogenetic Assays
Standard cytogenetic assays used in genotoxicology usually include chromosome aberrations analysis and micronucleus cytokinesis-block assay. Both tests originate on standard protocol for lymphocyte culture and can be used as complement or substitute to each other. Aim of this study was to evaluate complementarities between results of chromosome aberration analysis assay and results of micronucleus cytokinesis-block assay in representative sample of inhabitants from Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim was achieved by calculating Pearson correlation coefficient and simple linear regression
Complementarity of Standard Cytogenetic Assays
Standard cytogenetic assays used in genotoxicology usually include chromosome aberrations analysis and micronucleus cytokinesis-block assay. Both tests originate on standard protocol for lymphocyte culture and can be used as complement or substitute to each other. Aim of this study was to evaluate complementarities between results of chromosome aberration analysis assay and results of micronucleus cytokinesis-block assay in representative sample of inhabitants from Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim was achieved by calculating Pearson correlation coefficient and simple linear regression
Chromosome aberrations frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes in young tobacco smoking and non-smoking people
Introduction: Cigarette smoking is associated with severe health problems, especially cancers. In addition, cigarette smoking causes different genotoxic effects. Chromosome aberrations are one of well-known intermediate end points in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to compare frequencies of chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes between young smokers and non-smokes groups.
Methods: The study was conducted with 30 smokers (average age 26.93 years) and 30 non-smokers (average age 26.96 years), and included the analysis of 100 metaphases per each blood sample. Differences in the arithmetic means of determined frequencies of chromosome aberrations were tested by two-tailed t-test for independent samples with the significance level of p < 0.05.
Results: The results showed a significant increase in the frequencies of chromatid-type aberrations and total structural chromosome aberrations in smoker group. Frequencies of numerical aberrations did not differ significantly between two groups.
Conclusions: This study confirmed genotoxicity of cigarette smoking and provided new evidence about its clastogenic activity