4 research outputs found

    Vesistö- ja valuma-aluekunnostukset Natura 2000 -alueilla: suunnittelun toimintamalli

    Get PDF
    Vesienhoidon ja luonnonsuojelun tavoitteet ovat useimmiten yhdenmukaisia. Ne tähtäävät paitsi vesiekosysteemien hyvään tilaan, myös lajien ja luontotyyppien suotuisaan suojelutasoon. Vesien ja luontotyyppien tilan parantamisen ohella vesistökunnostustoimenpiteitä voidaan suunnitella myös virkistyskäyttöedellytysten kohentamiseksi ja maisemansuojelun edistämiseksi. Vesistöjen ekologisen tilan parantaminen edellyttää useimmiten riittävää ulkoisen kuormituksen vähentämistä. Näin ollen vesiensuojelutoimet valuma-alueella ovat keskeisiä hoitotoimia vesistökunnostuksissa ja valuma-aluetasoisen kunnostussuunnittelun tarve on nostettu esille useissa ohjelmissa ja strategioissa. Toistaiseksi Natura 2000 -alueiden huomioiminen on kuitenkin jäänyt valuma-aluetason kunnostussuunnittelun ohjeistuksessa vähälle huomiolle. Vesienhoidon ja virkistyskäytön toimenpiteet voivat toisinaan aiheuttaa luontodirektiivin lajien lisääntymis- ja levähdyspaikkojen paikallista heikentymistä ja maisemansuojelulliset hoitotoimenpiteet voivat puolestaan olla ristiriidassa vesiensuojelutavoitteiden kanssa. Myös luonto- ja lintudirektiivin tavoitteet saattavat ajoittain olla ristiriidassa toistensa kanssa. Natura 2000 -alueilla tehtävien vesistökunnostusten ja vesiensuojelutoimenpiteiden tulisi parantaa paitsi vesistön tilaa, myös alueen suojeluperusteena olevan luontotyypin tilaa, sekä edistää luontotyypille ominaisten lajien elinmahdollisuuksia. Luontodirektiivin lajien suotuisan suojelutason sekä lajien lisääntymis- ja levähdyspaikkojen säilyminen on turvattava. Freshabit LIFE IP -hankkeessa (2016–2022) toteutettiin vesistö- ja valuma-aluekunnostuksia yhteensä 33 Natura 2000 -alueella, jotka sijoittuivat 11 vesistöalueelle eri puolille Suomea. Hankkeen tavoitteena oli parantaa Suomen sisävesien luonnon monimuotoisuutta ja kohdevesistöjen ekologista tilaa kehittämällä valuma-aluetason suunnittelun toimintatapoja ja testaamalla niitä hankkeen kohdevesistöissä. Hankkeen kokemusten perusteella koottiin tämä toimintamalli, jossa kuvataan vesistö- ja valuma-aluekunnostusten suunnittelun periaatteet Natura 2000 -alueilla, jotta mahdolliset ristiriidat pystytään huomioimaan ja ratkaisemaan. Natura 2000 -alueilla valuma-aluetason kunnostussuunnittelun keskiössä ovat paitsi erityistä huomiota vaativien lajien ja luontotyyppien tunnistaminen ja huomioiminen toimenpiteiden ajoituksessa ja sijoittamisessa, myös sidosryhmien osallistaminen jo suunnittelun alkuvaiheessa. Sidosryhmistä oleellisimpia ovat maa- ja vesialueiden omistajat. Vesistökunnostusmenetelmät valitaan kohdekohtaisesti, seurantatietojen perusteella tunnistettujen ongelmien ja niiden pohjalta muodostettujen tavoitteiden mukaisesti. Kunnostusten seurantaan tulee varata riittävästi resursseja, jotta vaikuttavuutta pystytään arvioimaan. Seurantaa tulisi tehdä niin vedenlaadun ja biologisten tekijöiden kuin direktiivilajien osalta myös kunnostusten jälkeen. Ulkoisen kuormituksen vähentäminen on avainasemassa, jotta kunnostuksilla voidaan saavuttaa vaikuttavuutta pitkällä tähtäimellä. Restoration and water protection of aquatic ecosystems at Natura 2000 sites: framework for planning The goals of water resource management and nature conservation are most often consistent. Both can aim at a good status of aquatic ecosystems, and at a favorable conservation status of species and habitats. In addition to improving the condition of aquatic ecosystems, restoration measures can also be targeted to improve the prerequisites for recreational use and to promote landscape protection. Improving the ecological status of water bodies typically requires a sufficient reduction of the external loading. Consequently, water protection measures in the catchment area are key management measures on a watershed level. The need for planning restoration measures at the catchment scale has been brought up in several national programs and strategies. However, the consideration of Natura 2000 sites has so far received less attention in such guidelines. Some restoration measures targeted to improve the status of water bodies and their recreational value can sometimes cause a local deterioration of breeding and resting habitats for species that are included in the European Union’s Birds and Habitats Directives. Also, some landscape protection measures can, in turn, conflict with the goals of water protection. Additionally, the objectives of the Birds and Habitats Directives may sometimes conflict with each other. The restoration of water bodies and water protection measures carried out at sites under Natura 2000 network should not only improve the status of aquatic ecosystems and certain habitat types to which protection of the areas are based on, but they should also promote the survival of species that are typical for the given habitat types. A favorable conservation status for species and habitats must be secured. In the Freshabit LIFE IP -project (2016–2022), restoration and water protection measures were carried out at a total of 33 Natura 2000 sites located in 11 separate watersheds around the country. The aim of the project was to improve the biodiversity of Finnish inland waters and the ecological status of the target lakes and streams by developing and implementing planning procedures at a catchment scale. Based on the project’s experiences, this framework for planning was put together to describe the principles of planning restoration and water protection measures at Natura 2000 sites, so that possible conflicts can be considered and resolved. At Natura 2000 sites, the focus of planning restorations at the catchment level is not only about identification and consideration of species and habitats that require special attention in the timing and placement of different measures. It is also about the involvement of stakeholders, most importantly the owners of land and water areas, already in the initial stages of planning. The restoration methods are selected site-specifically, according to the problems identified and targets set on the basis of validated monitoring data. Sufficient resources should always be set aside for monitoring the impacts of restorations, that should be carried out before, during and after the easures allowing for evaluating their effectiveness. Monitoring should include both water quality, morphology and the species included in the Directives. Reducing the external loading is always a key to achieve effectiveness in the long term

    Common Inflammation-Related Candidate Gene Variants and Acute Kidney Injury in 2647 Critically Ill Finnish Patients

    Get PDF
    Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome with high incidence among the critically ill. Because the clinical variables and currently used biomarkers have failed to predict the individual susceptibility to AKI, candidate gene variants for the trait have been studied. Studies about genetic predisposition to AKI have been mainly underpowered and of moderate quality. We report the association study of 27 genetic variants in a cohort of Finnish critically ill patients, focusing on the replication of associations detected with variants in genes related to inflammation, cell survival, or circulation. In this prospective, observational Finnish Acute Kidney Injury (FINNAKI) study, 2647 patients without chronic kidney disease were genotyped. We defined AKI according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. We compared severe AKI (Stages 2 and 3, n = 625) to controls (Stage 0, n = 1582). For genotyping we used iPLEX(TM) Assay (Agena Bioscience). We performed the association analyses with PLINK software, using an additive genetic model in logistic regression. Despite the numerous, although contradictory, studies about association between polymorphisms rs1800629 in TNFA and rs1800896 in IL10 and AKI, we found no association (odds ratios 1.06 (95% CI 0.89-1.28, p = 0.51) and 0.92 (95% CI 0.80-1.05, p = 0.20), respectively). Adjusting for confounders did not change the results. To conclude, we could not confirm the associations reported in previous studies in a cohort of critically ill patients.Peer reviewe

    Heme oxygenase-1 repeat polymorphism in septic acute kidney injury

    Get PDF
    Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome that frequently affects the critically ill. Recently, an increased number of dinucleotide repeats in the HMOX1 gene were reported to associate with development of AKI in cardiac surgery. We aimed to test the replicability of this finding in a Finnish cohort of critically ill septic patients. This multicenter study was part of the national FINNAKI study. We genotyped 300 patients with severe AKI (KDIGO 2 or 3) and 353 controls without AKI (KDIGO 0) for the guanine-thymine (GTn) repeat in the promoter region of the HMOX1 gene. The allele calling was based on the number of repeats, the cut off being 27 repeats in the S-L (short to long) classification, and 27 and 34 repeats for the S-M-L2 (short to medium to very long) classification. The plasma concentrations of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) enzyme were measured on admission. The allele distribution in our patients was similar to that published previously, with peaks at 23 and 30 repeats. The S-allele increases AKI risk. An adjusted OR was 1.30 for each S-allele in an additive genetic model (95% CI 1.01-1.66; p = 0.041). Alleles with a repeat number greater than 34 were significantly associated with lower HO-1 concentration (p<0.001). In septic patients, we report an association between a short repeat in HMOX1 and AKI risk

    Association of oliguria with the development of acute kidney injury in the critically ill

    No full text
    corecore