Transient flows through an infinite saturated aquifer of zero slope

CER60WLH68.Includes bibliographical references (page 13)

Some properties of water clay dispersions and their effect on flow

CER61WLH62.Includes bibliographical references.Fine sediments dispersed in water affect the apparent viscosity and specific weight of the resulting dispersion. Tests at 24 degrees centigrade with a Stormer viscosimeter showed that the apparent kinematic viscosity for a 10 percent by weight water-clay dispersion of an impure bentonite was 8.75 times greater than that of distilled water. A 10 percent water-kaolin dispersion was 1.40 times more viscous than distilled water. The change in viscosity and density of the water-fine sediment dispersion changes the fall velocity of the bed material. The fall velocity distribution of the bed material can be determined, as a first approximation, with the visual accumulation tube apparatus when water-clay dispersions are the sedimentation media. The results are comparable to the fall velocities computed by using the Reynolds number-drag relation, the measured viscosity of the water-clay dispersion and the density of the dispersion. Experiments conducted in water- sand flows with and without bentonite in the flumes at Colorado State University demonstrated that with bentonite in the flow the changes in fall velocity of the bed material particles, resulting from the changes in fluid properties, altered the bed configuration. Because the resistance to flow and bed-material transport are dependent on the form of the bed, they were appreciably affected. Generally, as concentration of fine sediment increases with a constant rate of stream flow, flow resistance and transport of bed material always increase in the upper flow regime and sometimes decrease in the lower flow regime

Study of flow in alluvial channels: the effect of large concentrations of fine sediment on the mechanics of flow in a small flume, A

CER60DBS44.Includes bibliographical references.A small flume study of the variance in resistance to flow, form of bed roughness, and total bed material transport caused by introducing large fine sediment concentrations into the flow over a sand bed.A flume study was made using a natural river sand as the bed material, median diameter = 0.54 millimeters. Clear-water flow was compared with flow containing from 6,000 to 65,000 parts per million of fine sediment (bentonite). The study shows that the form of bed roughness could be changed by adding sufficient fine sediment (bentonite) to the clear-water flow. The total bed material transport was decreased by 50 percent with increasing fine sediment concentration with the dune bed form and was increased by as much as 550 percent for the transition, standing wave, and anti-tune forms of bed roughness. Resistance to flow was less (C/√g increased by 45 percent) with fine sediment-laden flow than with clear-water flow for the dune, and transition bed forms; and was greater (C/√g reduced by 25 percent) for the standing waves and the anti-dunes. A narrow range of bentonite concentration for each form of bed roughness was established as a limit below which only minor changes in bed form, bed material transport, and resistance to flow occurred. The variation of the liquid proper ties, specific weight and viscosity, for water-bentonite dispersions were studied and their effect on the properties of the bed material particles measured. The fall velocity of the particles in a dispersion of 100,000 parts per million fine sediment in water was reduced to about one-half their fall velocity in clear water

A comparison of real-world data on adjuvant treatment in patients with stage III BRAF V600 mutated melanoma – Results of systematic literature research

Background: Over the past decade, PD-1-based immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and targeted therapies (TT) with BRAF and MEK inhibitors transformed melanoma treatment. Both are widely used in the adjuvant setting. However, for patients with a BRAF V600 mutation, the optimal adjuvant therapy remains unclear due to the lack of head-to-head comparison studies. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of real-world data on adjuvant therapy in stage III melanoma to determine the best option for patients with BRAF V600 mutations. Kaplan-Meier curves were generated for TT and ICI using Digitizelt software. Results: Nine publications with 3625 patients were included. TT showed better relapse-free survival (RFS) at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months than ICI. A similar trend was observed for distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), with no apparent difference in overall survival. Conclusion: Real-world data suggest that adjuvant TT may be associated with better RFS and DMFS in stage III BRAF V600-mutated melanoma compared to ICI.</p