328 research outputs found
Mott insulators and correlated superfluids in ultracold Bose-Fermi mixtures
We study the effects of interaction between bosons and fermions in a
Bose-Fermi mixtures loaded in an optical lattice. We concentrate on the
destruction of a bosonic Mott phase driven by repulsive interaction between
bosons and fermions. Once the Mott phase is destroyed, the system enters a
superfluid phase where the movements of bosons and fermions are correlated. We
show that this phase has simultaneously correlations reminiscent of a
conventional superfluid and of a pseudo-spin density wave order
Stretch-blow molding of PET copolymers - Influence of molecular architecture
International audienceThe purpose of the paper is to study the influence of molecular architecture of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) on its ability to be processed by stretch-blow molding, which is not well documented in the literature. To evaluate this process ability, it proposes an original strategy combining laboratory analyses and experiments on a prototype machine. PET copolymers were prepared from three types of comonomers: diethylene glycol (DEG), isophthalic acid (IPA) and trimethylolpropane (TMP). It is first shown, through laboratory experiments, that the nature of the polymer in terms of chain constitution (copolymerization), chain length (intrinsic viscosity) and purity (catalytic residues) greatly affects many properties: melt crystallization, thermal properties, polymer rigidity and drawability. These different properties obviously induce very different behaviours at the different steps of the stretch-blow molding process: injection-molding of the preform (quenchability), heating (IR absorption), stretch-blow (rigidity and drawability). The stretch-blow step has been simulated on a prototype apparatus designed in our laboratory. It has been shown that free blowing can be used to characterize the process ability of the polymer. A statistical analysis has confirmed the great differences between the materials investigated and pointed out the complexity of the material response during blowing
Influence of chemical architecture of PET on ability to stretch blow moulding
International audiencePET specific properties make this material a good candidate for stretch blow moulding. However chemical architecture of the resin can be varied by the supplier. These changes induce different draw abilities or different behaviours whilst blowing. In this study some well controlled PET resins are characterized both from the point of view of their intrinsic properties and from the point of view of their process abilities. Results enlighten clearly the tight correlation between the chemical structure and the behaviour of the polymer. Coupling effects between the structure, the laboratory properties and the process ability exist making this process a highly not intuitive processing. This study allows, in parallel, proposing a global approach to estimate blowing ability from laboratory analysis
Propriétés rhéologiques de polyéthylènes basse densité de structures différentes
National audienceQuatre polyéthylènes obtenus par voie radicalaire, deux par procédé tubulaire et deux par procédé autoclave, ont été caractérisés en cisaillement. Ils présentent des distributions de masse molaire différentes, mesurées par chromatographie d'exclusion stérique. Les mesures en rhéométrie rotative en fréquence fournissent le comportement dans le domaine linéaire. Différents temps de relaxation, correspondant aux différentes chaînes des macromolécules, sont déduits des mesures rhéologiques. Si ces temps ne sont pas directement reliés à la structure des différents matériaux, leur distribution semble l'être : on montre qu'elle dépend directement de la structure des ramifications, qui sont plus nombreuses pour les matériaux autoclave que pour les matériaux tubulaires
Cristallisation du polyéthylène basse densité : mesures rhéologiques et calorimétriques
International audienceDeux polyéthylènes basse densité, obtenus par procédé tubulaire et procédé autoclave, ont été caractérisés par chromatographie d'exclusion stérique. Leur masse molaire moyenne en masse est sensiblement identique, mais le matériau autoclave présente une queue de plus fortes masses. Ceci induit des différences notables sur les conditions de cristallisation. Les mesures de spectrométrie mécanique effectuées en fréquence et température mettent en évidence que le facteur de glissement suit une loi d'Arrhenius dans le domaine fluide et un changement de régime au début de la cristallisation, dû à l'apparition des premiers sphérolites. Les mesures calorimétriques et rhéologiques en condition anisotherme corroborent ces résultats en terme de température de transition
Conditions d'apparition du phénomène de désenchevêtrement dans le cas de polyéthylènes branchés
International audienceLe phénomène de désenchevêtrement s'observe sur les polyéthylènes branchés obtenus par procédés radicalaires lorsqu'on leur applique un écoulement de cisaillement. Il se manifeste par la modification des propriétés viscoélastiques et par la diminution de la viscosité en écoulement permanent. Selon le dispositif utilisé, les taux de cisaillement appliqués peuvent varier dans une large gamme, de 0,01 s-1 à 1 s-1 en écoulement entre cône et plan à quelques s-1 dans une géométrie de Couette. Nous ne présentons ici que le cas de la géométrie cône plan. Le protocole de mesure consiste à faire subir au matériau, préalablement recuit et stabilisé, un saut de vitesse de déformation pendant un temps très long, pour observer la décroissance du couple qui suit la phase d'établissement de l'écoulement permanent. Notre travail va consister à déterminer le taux de cisaillement minimum à appliquer pour observer la diminution du couple, sur quatre matériaux de différente architecture moléculaire. Une interprétation de l'existence de ce taux de cisaillement minimum sera proposée à partir des travaux publiés sur l'influence des conditions de mise en œuvre sur la cristallinité
Observation of resonant interactions among surface gravity waves
We experimentally study resonant interactions of oblique surface gravity
waves in a large basin. Our results strongly extend previous experimental
results performed mainly for perpendicular or collinear wave trains. We
generate two oblique waves crossing at an acute angle, while we control their
frequency ratio, steepnesses and directions. These mother waves mutually
interact and give birth to a resonant wave whose properties (growth rate,
resonant response curve and phase locking) are fully characterized. All our
experimental results are found in good quantitative agreement with four-wave
interaction theory with no fitting parameter. Off-resonance experiments are
also reported and the relevant theoretical analysis is conducted and validated.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure
Forced three-wave interactions of capillary-gravity surface waves
Editors' suggestionInternational audienceThree-wave resonant interactions constitute an essential nonlinear mechanism coupling capillary surface waves. In a previous work [Haudin et al. Phys. Rev. E 93, 043110 (2016)], we characterized experimentally the generation by this mechanism of a daughter wave, whose amplitude saturates due to the viscous dissipation. Here, we show experimentally the generation of a daughter wave verifying the resonant conditions, but not the dispersion relation. By modeling the response of the free surface at the lowest nonlinear order, we explain this observation as a forced interaction. The bandwidth of the linear transfer function of the free surface is indeed increased by the significant viscous dissipation. The observation of free surface excitations not following the linear dispersion relation then becomes possible. This forced three-wave interaction mechanism could have important consequences for wave turbulence in experimental or natural systems with nonnegligible dissipation
Crystallization kinetics of polypropylenes. Effect of nucleating agents?
International audienceThermal conditions and formulation affect the crystallization mechanisms of polymers and the associated kinetics in a coupled manner. In that field, the objective of this investigation is to compare overall crystallization kinetics and structural organization of one clarified polypropylene (specifically designed for stretch-blow molding) and a homopolypropylene. Liquid/solid transitions are investigated in- and ex-situ under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions combining crossed-polarized optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. Clarified polypropylene has a very 'singular behavior' compared to homopolymer since no spherulites can be observed. However, it exhibits a semi-crystalline structure. The major α-phase coexists with some γ-phase even under quiescent conditions. Overall crystallization kinetics is rapid suggesting the existence of very efficient nucleating agent(s) and resulting in an increase of crystallization temperature. In parallel, the melting temperature of copolymer decreases by 20 °C compared to homopolymer, suggesting a drastic change in lamellae thickness. It is concluded that this unusual structure results from nucleation, which enforces high temperature crystallization, and copolymerization, which constraints the crystalline organization
- …