CROSS-CULTURAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ADJUSTMENTS OF FOREIGN CARE WORKERS IN JAPAN: TOWARDS A THREE-LAYERED STRUCTURAL MODEL

In Japan, foreign care workers have been increasing, thus cross-cultural adjustment has become an important issue. In this study, we examined factors that influence (1) psychological, (2) sociocultural, and (3) self-realization adjustments of foreign care workers. Participants were from Indonesia (n=70) and the Philippines (n=88) that work at medical (n=32) and elder care facilities (n=72) in Japan. Participants completed questionnaires that measured the three adjustments. A multilevel model analysis was used to examine the relationship between the three adjustment variables. Seven factors were identified. In assessing a three layered structural model, it was found that cross-cultural adjustment is first influenced by psychological factors that influence sociocultural factors of the middle layer, and self-realization factor affected by sociocultural factors. The original three-layer model that simply progress from psychological to self-realization was differ and it was modified. The key factor of cross cultural adjustment of affinity relation with Japanese was indicated

CASE STUDY OF DIETARY HABITS AND ACCULTURATION IN CHINESE INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS IN JAPAN: PROBLEMS AND NECESSITY OF INTERCULTURAL DIETARY EDUCATION

Japan is known as one of the world’s healthiest food country; however, the question has been raised if foreign students in Japan are truly living a healthy dietary life. Dietary education is common for Japanese citizens; however, it has been undeveloped for foreign students.In this study, we focused on Chinese students, who accounted for approximately 60% of the international students in Japan. Participants were twenty-one Chinese students who attended a university in Japan.Semi-structured interviews were conducted and informants were asked to talk about their dietary life and the changes after coming to Japan.We determined their cross-cultural adjustment and dietary behavior in cross-cultural environment in Japan, and considered whether cross-cultural dietary education was necessary. &nbsp

Relationship among the nursing practice environment, occupational career, and work engagement of Chinese nurses employed in Japan: A cross-sectional study

Yang Y., Hatanaka K., Takahashi K., et al. Relationship among the nursing practice environment, occupational career, and work engagement of Chinese nurses employed in Japan: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances 5, 100166 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnsa.2023.100166.Background: Work engagement is a positive, fulfilling, work-related state of mind characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption, and it affects the quality of care nurses give. Chinese nurses working in Japan experience differences in nursing practice and difficulties in career development. Therefore, the nursing practice environment and occupational career may affect their work engagement. However, little research has been completed on the factors affecting Chinese nurses' work engagement in Japan. Objective: To clarify the relationship between the nursing practice environment, occupational career, and work engagement of Chinese nurses in Japan. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting(s): Japanese hospitals (beds>19). Participants: 149 Chinese nurses employed in Japan. Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, we mailed 640 paper questionnaires, which included a QR code for online responses, to 58 Japanese hospitals that employed Chinese nurses. A survey request form and internet address were sent to the WeChat app, where Chinese nurses in Japan communicate. The contents included attribute-related questions, the Nursing Practice Environment Scale, the Occupational Career Scale, and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. A multivariate analysis was conducted with nine adjustment factors, such as gender, educational background, and work engagement, as the dependent variables. The significance level was set at p<.05. Results: Participants’ average age was 28.4 years, and the average years of nursing in Japan was 3.8. The work engagement score was 3.09, which is the low-medium level. The nursing practice environment was positively associated with work engagement (β=0.46, 95 %CI=1.02,1.99, p<.001), with nurse participation in hospital affairs among the subscales having the strongest effect on work engagement (β=0.41, 95 %CI=0.68,1.49, p<.001). The occupational career score was also positively associated with work engagement (β=0.42, 95 %CI= 0.51,1.08, p<.001), and among the subscales, forming and coordinating interpersonal relationships had the most influence on participants' work engagement (β=0.39, 95 %CI=0.42,0.94, p<.001). Conclusions: Based on the results, we suggest that the work engagement of Chinese nurses could be enhanced by providing them with the same opportunities to train and improve their skills as Japanese nurses, as well as by helping them form relationships with patients and colleagues

The effects of the assign-back provision on R&D -An application of the guidelines of the European Union, the United States and Japan-

We examine the effects on R&D of the assign-back provision in license contracts. When the technical scope of the assign-back is narrow, its expansion decreases investment in the improved technology, but increases that in the original technology. However, when the technical scope is larger than a certain threshold level, its expansion decreases the profit of the licensor of the original technology and reduces the investment in both technologies. Therefore, the licensor would not like to expand the technical scope beyond the threshold. In addition, we apply our result to the guidelines of Japan, the United States, and the European Union.JEL Classification Codes: C72, D21, O34http://www.grips.ac.jp/list/jp/facultyinfo/hatanaka_kaori

オカヤマケン ノ ホウモン カンゴ ステーション ニ オケル サイガイ タイサク ト ザイタク サンソ リヨウシャ ヘノ タイオウ ノ ジッタイ ト カダイ

研究報告Reports【目的】西日本豪雨で被害を受けた岡山県内の訪問看護ステーション（ST）における災害対策の現状、また、訪問看護師が在宅酸素療法（HOT）利用者へ行う対応の実態、そして、災害対策の一つとして、STにおけるHOT利用者への適切な対応と課題を明らかにする。【方法】2018年8月～11月、一次調査は64人のSTの管理者、二次調査はHOT利用者への対応をした経験を持つ23 人の訪問看護師を対象とし、災害対策や実態調査を行った。一次調査では、ST管理者宛に研究説明書等を郵送し、承諾が得られた施設を対象に二次調査を行った。【結果】ST独自の災害マニュアル保有率は約64.1%であり、避難訓練の実施は少なかった。管理者の多くは、災害時の初期対応や避難の優先順位を決め、マニュアルの見直し等に取り組んでいたが、災害発生時の対応やスタッフの連携等が課題であった。訪問看護師は、90％以上が災害時や緊急時の対応方法をHOT利用者や家族へ説明していた。その中でも高齢者の避難、認知や生活状況に合わせた支援を課題として考え、訪問看護師が、災害を想定した療養者への指示出しに不安を抱えていた。【結論】ST管理者と訪問看護師双方の不安や課題の解決に向けて、ST内での情報共有が重要となるだろう。今後の災害対策としてHOT利用者のみならず、医療依存度が低い療養者への避難説明も実施され、安心した療養生活を目指しST内での検討や調整が求められる

EXAMINATION OF A SOCIAL SKILLS TRAINING PROGRAM RELATED TO TRANSMITTING AND TAKING DIRECTIONS IN BASIC NURSING EDUCATION

In order to provide safe medical care, accurate information transmission is essential. Incorrect information transmission could lead to a serious accident. We developed a social skills training (SST) educational intervention to enhance the skills of nursing students in information transmission, specifically delivering and receiving instructions. The participants were second-year nursing students in a three-year program (N = 120, Mean age = 20.3, SD = 2.2). SST was performed after a 90-minute lecture on transmitting and taking directions We then administered a five-part self-evaluation questionnaire that found that the nurses rated their skills in these areas significantly higher immediately after SST and that this effect was maintained 6 months after training In fact, three of the five skills for taking direction (verbal confirmation, F(2, 176) = 18.63, p &lt; .001; confirmation of diagnosis, F(2, 176) = 34.24, p &lt; .001; and uncertain execution, F(1.61, 141.75) = 57.02, p &lt; .001), and one of the three skills for transmitting directions (reporting confirmation, F(2, 176) = 33.14, p &lt; .001) increased over time, whereas the others, such as appointment of a suitable person, level adjustment, and evaluation and confirmation of the implementation process, did not The SST program on transmitting and taking directions thus had some effect on nursing students’ skills, but it was largely limited to skills related to implementing instructions and ideas, which significantly increased and in some cases persisted Skills that require outreach to others are more difficult to foster; in particular, in the first half of the learning schedule, it is necessary to strengthen instruction in skills related to uncertain execution, verbal confirmation, and confirmation of diagnosis