Peningkatan Infektivitas Jamur Entomopatogen, Beauveria Bassiana (Balsamo) Vuill. Pada Berbagai Bahan Carrier Untuk Mengendalikan Hama Penggerek Bonggol Pisang, Cosmopolites Sordidus Germar Di Lapangan

. Hasyim, A. 2007. Enhancing Infectious Capacity of Entomopathogen Fungi, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuill. Using Various Carrier Materials in Controlling Banana Corm Borer, Cosmopolites sordidus Germar under Field Condition. This experiment was conducted at Baso banana farmer field, Agam District from October 2002 to February 2003. The objectives of these studies were to know the infectious capacity of entomopathogen fungi, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin using various carrier materials and to know the best trapping model in controlling banana corm borer Cosmopolites sordidus Germar. A randomized complete design with 7 treatments and 4 replications were used in this study. The treatments consisted of 6 carriers, i.e. corn powder, talc, rice powder, maizena powder, vegetable oil, water, and control (dry conidia). Amount of 100 g or 100 ml mixture of B. bassiana were distributed by hand or sprayed with water on cut surface of the banana corm then covered by sliced banana pseudostem. Futhermore, 3 types of trapping model i.e (1) banana corm + pseudostem, (2) banana corm, and (3) pseudostem were used with 6 replications to find out the best trapping design. The results showed that rice powder was the best carrier for delivery of B. bassiana and caused highest mortality of banana corm borer. On the other hand, vegetable oil, water, and without carrier material caused the lowest mortality of banana corm borer. The highest mortality of adult banana weevil borer, C. sordidus reached 95% when weevil exposure using rice powder carrier on corm and pseudostem. While the B. bassiana exposure using liquid carrier such as vegetable oil, water carrier, and without carrier material on corm and pseudostem caused the lowest mortality of C. sordidus of 72, 75, and 70% respectively. The highest mortality of banana corm borer caused by B. bassiana was found in the treatment with rice powder as a carrier material and pseudostem trapping design. The results demonstrated that powder as a carrier could enhance the infectious capacity of entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana against banana weevil borer, C. sordidus under field conditio

Seleksi Substrat Untuk Perbanyakan Beauveria Bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin Dan Infektivitasnya Terhadap Hama Penggerek Bonggol Pisang, Cosmopolites Sordidus Germar

Seleksi substrat untuk perbanyakan Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin dan infektivitasnya terhadap hama penggerek bonggol pisang, Cosmopolites sordidus Germar. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni sampai Desember 2002 di Laboratorium Entomologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah, Solok. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui media substrat yang terbaik untuk perbanyakan B. bassiana dan infektivitasnya dalam mengendalikan hama penggerek bonggol pisang. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap dengan lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari lima jenis media substrat yaitu beras, jagung, pupuk kandang, dedak halus, dan kontrol (air). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat variabilitas daya kecambah isolat B. bassiana yang dibiakkan pada substrat jagung, beras, pupuk kandang, dan dedak. Daya kecambah isolat B. bassiana yang dibiakkan pada media substrat jagung dan beras lebih tinggi (86,47 dan 76,67%) dibandingkan media substrat dedak dan pupuk kandang yaitu 31,67 dan 24,00%. Produksi konidia pada jagung dan beras lebih tinggi dan berbeda sangat nyata (2,8 x 108 konidia ml/l dan 1,96 x 108 konidia ml/l) dibandingkan dengan dedak dan pupuk kandang dengan jumlah konidia paling rendah berturut-turut 1,26 x 106 konidia ml/l dan 4,57 x 106 konidia ml/l. Mortalitas hama penggerek bonggol pisang, C. sordidus paling tinggi diperoleh setelah diaplikasikan dengan jamur B. bassiana hasil biakan pada substrat jagung dan beras berturut-turut yaitu 86,67 dan 76,67%. Sedangkan jamur B. bassiana hasil biakan pada substrat pupuk kandang dapat menyebabkan kematian hama penggerek bonggol paling rendah yaitu 29,54% (LT50). Hasil penelitian ini memberikan informasi bahwa substrat jagung dan beras merupakan media perbanyakan B. bassiana yang baik untuk mengendalikan hama penggerek bonggol pisang. Selection of substrates for mass production of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and their infectiveness to control banana weevil borer, Cosmopolites sordidus Germar. Experiment was conducted at Entomological Laboratory of Indonesian Fruit Research Institute from June to December 2002. The aim of this study was to find out the best substrates for mass production of B. bassiana and their infectivity to control banana weevil borer. The research used a randomized complete block design with five treatments and three replications. Treatments consisted of five substrates such as rice, maize, animal manure, rice siftings, and control (water). The results showed that there was variability in germination of fungal B. bassiana culture on solid media (maize, rice, animal manure, and rice siftings). Germination rate of B. bassiana cultured in maize and rice substrate were higher (86.47 and 76.67% respectively), than the germination rate of B. bassiana cultured in animal manure and rice siftings substrate (31.67 and 24.00% respectively). A total of conidia production on maize and rice substrate were significantly higher i.e. 2.8 x 108 conidia ml/l and 1.96 x 108 conidia ml/l respectively, than that of B. bassiana isolate on animal manure and rice siftings substrate (1.26 x 106 conidia ml/l and 4.57 x 106 conidia ml/l) respectively. The highest mortalities of adult banana weevil borer, Cosmopolites sordidus was obtained by application of B. bassiana produced form maize and rice substrates i.e. 86.67 and 76.67% respectively. While B. bassiana produced form animal manure caused lowest death of C. sordidus i.e. 29.54% (LT50). This study was undertaken to provide more information of maize and rice substrates as a media for mass production of B. bassiana to control banana weevil borer

Respons Hama Lalat Buah Jantan terhadap Beberapa Jenis Atraktan dan Warna Perangkap di Kebun Petani

. Penelitian respons lalat buah jantan terhadap beberapa jenis atraktan dan warna perangkap dilakukan dikebun buah dan sayur Padang Pariaman dari bulan Juni sampai Oktober 2006. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acakkelompok pola faktorial dengan dua faktor dan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama ialah warna perangkap (merah, kuning,hijau, oranye, dan transparan). Faktor kedua ialah atraktan ME sintetik (metil eugenol murni 90%), petrogenol (ME70%), dan cue-lure. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata jumlah lalat buah yang terperangkap/perangkap/haripada berbagai warna perangkap dan atraktan sintetik berbeda nyata. Lalat buah lebih banyak terperangkap, diperolehpada perangkap warna kuning (39 ekor), kemudian diikuti oleh perangkap warna merah, hijau, oranye, dan transparan,masing-masing 29,84, 27,99, 14,89, dan 14,3 ekor lalat buah/perangkap/hari. Jumlah lalat buah paling banyak tertarikpada perangkap dengan atraktan metil eugenol murni dibandingkan dengan perangkap ME 70% dan cue-lure. Perangkapwarna kuning dengan atraktan ME dapat menarik lebih banyak jenis lalat buah (11 spesies) kemudian diikuti olehperangkap transparan, perangkap warna merah, oranye, dan hijau, masing-masing dapat menarik berturut-turut 9,8, 8, dan 7 jenis lalat buah. Penggabungan antara warna perangkap dengan atraktan sintetik metil eugenol, dapatmeningkatkan kemampuan sebagai perangkap yang potensial dan juga sebagai alat monitoring lalat buah

Evaluation of Natural Enemies in Controlling of the Banana Weevil Borer Cosmopolites Sordidus Germar in West Sumatra

The banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus Germar, is an important pest of highland banana and plantain in Africa, but it exists in low densities in presumed area of origin in Southeast Asia such as in Indonesia. This suggests a possible existence of effective co-evolved natural enemies in the origin area of Indonesia, especially West Sumatra. The objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate banana weevil pest status at selected sites in West Sumatra, (2) to survey parasitoids and predators, and (3) to determine the control potential of the most important natural enemies. Surveys were undertaken in March 2002-August 2003 in five locations in West Sumatra, i.e., Bukittinggi, Sitiung, Pariaman, Pasaman, and Batusangkar. Five farms per site were selected randomly among all farms that contained banana stands of > 0.5 ha. Sampling for banana weevil adults and damage, and for predators was done throughout small banana stands and within a 20 m x 40 m (0.08 ha) subplot on larger farms. Field-collected larvae were taken to the laboratory and reared on corm pieces (3 cm x 3 cm x 3 cm) until pupation. Larvae were collected from pseudostem as well as corm residues. To estimate the abundance of non-social predators, i.e., those other than ants, 10 residues each on each farm were examined from plants that had been harvested 1-4 weeks, 5-8 weeks or 9 or more weeks before our visit to the site. Samples of the different morphospecies were saved in alcohol for later identification. The result showed that the banana weevil incidence was found to be low, 0.6-1.7 adults per trap. Plant damage indices were below 2.2%. We collected and reared 24,360 eggs and 3118 larvae, but no parasitism was detected. Phorids (Megaselia sp.) and drosophilids were recovered from larval rearings, but most likely were scavengers. A complex of predators was detected, the most important of which was the histerid beetles, Plaesius javanus Erichson. In laboratory tests, adults and larvae of P. javanus attacked 75-88% and 38-53% of banana weevil larvae and pupae, respectively. Predatory ants, including species of Myrmicinae, Ponerinae, Formicinae, and Dolichoderinae, were found to be associated with banana plants and residues. Adults of Myopopone castanea Smith (Ponerinae) were directly observed attacking banana weevil larvae in crop residues. The adult banana weevil mortalities caused by the entomopathogen fungi of Beauveria bassiana from Baso, Sungaitarab, Sei Sariek, and Sikabau at highest density (3.2 x 108 spores ml-1) after two weeks were 96.67%, 90.00%, 60.00% and 83.33%, respectively. The high diversity of habitat conditions in which crop-pest-natural enemies systems exist, support the idea that banana weevil population and damage intensity in the study area is low due to active role of natural enemies

Kemampuan Pemangsaan Pred a Tor Kumbang Buas Terhadap Hama Penggerek Bonggol Pisang

Kumbang pred a tor Plaesius javanus dikoleksi dari pertanaman pisang di Bukittinggi dan Sitiung. Percobaandilakukan di Laboratorium Proteksi, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Solok dari bulan April sampai Desember 2001,menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan individupemangsaan pred a tor kumbang buas dalam mengendalikan hama penggerek bonggol pisang. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa P. javanus dewasa dan larva dapat memangsa semua sta dia hama penggerek bonggol pisangsecara efektif. Setiap individu P. javanus dewasa dapat memangsa telur, larva instar 2, 3, 4, 5, serta pupa dan dewasaberturut-turut 7 butir, 4,9; 3,9; 2,9; 2,9; 2,0; 2,0; dan 1,9 ekor/hari. Kemampuan memangsa individu larva P. javanusrelatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kemampuan memangsa individu dewasa P. javanus. Sedangkan kemampuanmemangsa individu P. javanus betina relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan P. javanus jantan. Pred a tor inimempunyai potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai agens pengendali hayati di masa mendatang.Kata kunci: Musa sp.; Plaesius javanus; Cosmopolites sordidus; Sta dia hama penggerek bonggol; PemangsaanAB STRACT. Hasyim, A., Harlion, and H. Yasir. 2004. Pred a tory rate of histerid bee tles on ba nana wee vilborer. Pred a tory of histerid bee tles were col lected from ba nana field at Bukittinggi and Sitiung. This ex per i ment wascar ried out at lab o ra tory of In do ne sian Fruit Re search In sti tute from April to De cem ber 2001, used a ran dom ized blockde sign. The pur pose of this ex per i ment was to know the in di vid ual po ten tial of pred a tory bee tles, P. javanus to preyba nana wee vil borer. The re sults showed that adult and lar vae of P. javanus ef fec tively preyed ba nana wee vil borer,Cosmopolites sordidus. Each in di vid ual of P. javanus adult was able to prey 7 pieces 4.9, 3.9, 2.9, 2.9, 2.0, 2.0, and 1.9in di vid ual/day, re spec tively for egg, sec ond, third, fourth, fifth instar lar vae, pupa and adult. Pre da tion rate of individualP. javanus lar vae was higher com pare to adult in con trolling ba nana wee vil borer. Pred a tory rate of in di vid ual fe -male P. javanus was higher than the male. The pred a tor has a prom is ing po ten tial us age as bi o log i cal con trol agent innear fu ture

Preferensi Kumbang Daun Phyllotreta Striolata Fab. (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) Terhadap Berbagai Tanaman Cruciferae Dan Upaya Pengendaliannya Dengan Menggunakan Insektisida Klorpirifos

Phyllotreta striolata Fab. (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) merupakan salah satu hama penting pada berbagai jenis tanaman dari famili Cruciferae, Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Convolvulacea, dan Fabacea. Kehilangan hasil yang diakibatkannya dapat mencapai 20 – 50% bahkan 100% bila serangan terjadi pada saat tanaman masih muda. Di Indonesia, sampai saat ini belum ada insektisida yang terdaftar untuk mengendalikan P. striolata. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui (1) preferensi P. striolata pada berbagai tanaman Cruciferae seperti sawi putih, sawi hijau, pakcoy, kubis bunga, brokoli, dan kubis, (2) keefektifan insektisida klorpirifos 400 g/l terhadap P. striolata, serta (3) kehilangan hasil yang diakibatkan P. striolata. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium, Rumah Kasa, dan Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, sejak Bulan Maret sampai dengan Agustus 2011. Metode yang digunakan untuk uji preferensi ialah metode choice dan nonchoice. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah acak kelompok. Perlakuan terdiri atas enam jenis kubis-kubisan dan diulang empat kali. Perlakuan yang digunakan untuk uji keefektifan ialah empat konsentrasi insektisida klorpirifos 400 g/l serta kontrol dan diulang lima kali. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap populasi P. striolata, kerusakan tanaman, dan hasil panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa P. striolata lebih memilih tanaman pakcoy, sawi putih, dan sawi hijau sebagai makanan, tingkat kerusakan pada tanaman terpilih berkisar antara 13,75 – 100%, tanaman kubis merupakan tanaman yang paling tidak disukai oleh P. striolata, aplikasi insektisida klorpirifos 400 g/l pada konsentrasi 1.500 ppm dan 2.000 ppm paling efektif dalam menekan serangan P. striolata, dan mampu mempertahankan hasil panen sawi putih tertinggi masing-masing sebesar 22,87 dan 26,99 t/ha. Insektisida klorpirifos 400 g/l dapat digunakan untuk mengendalikan P. striolata pada tanaman sawi putih dan dapat menekan kehilangan hasil sebesar 49,61 – 79,37%