An investigation of annual discards of the trawlers and gillnet in Khuzestan coastal water, northwest Persian Gulf

The main objective of this study was to describe and estimate the seasonal pattern of discarded fish in the waters of the Persian Gulf coast in Khuzestan. Data were collected from the fishing dhow with Khuzestan Fisheries partnership in fishing areas of Lifeh, Boseif, Khure-mussa and Bahrakan from October 2011 to September 2012. Discarded fish samples were included 109 species from 67 families, nearly 40 percent commercial and 60 percent of non-commercial species. Rayfish and catfish have been observed in most fishing nets. Average sizes of most species particularly bony fish were under 15 cm. The amount of discarded fish per unit of fishing effort was not significantly different between seasons. The highest portion of the catch belongs to rayfishes. Total discarded fishes of gillnets were estimated 3162 tones. Total weight of commercial fishes with small size in discarded fish was estimated 225 tones. The rate and ratio of discarded fish in total catch of gillnet was estimated 0.23 and 0.31 respectively. Chondrichthyes with 12 species and 60% of gillnet catch has the highest percentage of discarded fish of gillnet. High number of commercial species with small size could be due to nursery role of Khuzestan coastal waters. Trawl net has more impact on type and amount of discarded fish than moving gill net. According to different aquatic groups, the highest percentage of protein (77.84±2.088) in Perciformes belongs to Eupleurogrammus muticus and the lowest percentage (40.40±0.322) belongs to Liza klunzingeri, the most percentage of lipid was in Liza klunzingeri (33.78±0.277) and the lowest percentage was in Grammoplites suppositus (3.34±0.025), the highest and lowest percentage of ash (minerals) were in Cynoglossus arel and Acanthocephola abbreviate (28.14±.377) and oligo duvauceli (0.7±0.02) respectively. Therefore discarded fish have great potential in fulfilling nutritional requirements as fresh food (minimally processed) and with nutritional additives in forms of fish powder and fish oil and it can play an effective role in aquaculture development in the region

Evaluation of ergonomic risk factors by OCRA method in assembly industry

Background and aims: In order to assess specific factors There are several risk assessmentmethods including occupational repetitive action (OCRA) which is used in industries withrepetitive motion, increased force, awkward posture, and lack of recovery periods.These riskfactors exists in assembly lines, and the purpose of this investigation is assessment of ergonomicrisk factors by OCRA method in assembly lines.Methods: Job analysis was done by observation and each job was degraded to tasks, actionsand movements. Nordic standard questionnaire (NMQ) was used for demographic data andupper limbs MSD complaints in 10 factories. Two assembly lines were assessed and 166 OCRAindices were obtained and analyzed with OCRA software and SPSS software using chi-squareand paired t- test.Results: The results showed that in line B the highest risk in right hand was 66% (low risk), andin line Awas 44% (high risk). In line B the highest risk in left hand was 53.19% (low risk) and inline A was 38% (low risk). The mean value of right and left hand exposure indices wasinsignificantly different (p<0.001). There was significant relationship between UEMSDs andhand type (p<0.001) and between UEMSDs and age (p<0.001).Conclusion: Line Ahad more risk than line B with respect to repetitive movements. In line Athe highest risk was in the right hand whereas in line B highest risk was seen in the left hand. Asthe most prevalent complaints were in wrists and fingers. We conclude that these parts are moreinvolved upper limbs in assembly line. Finally the OCRA method can be a useful method forevaluation of UEMSDs in repetitive tasks of the assembly industry

Effects of Maternal Empowerment Program on the Length of ‎Hospitalization and Readmission Rate of Premature Infants

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Premature infants because special needs might be admitted at the neonatal intensive care unit for days to recover. Despite medical advances, rate of readmission among preterm infants is relatively high, causing economic and psychological problems for families. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of empowerment Mother Program on length of stay and readmission rate of preterm infants. METHODS: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 70 mothers with premature infants, divided into two groups of intervention and control. Educational-behavioral empowerment program was performed in four stages: 2-4 days after admission (stage one), 2-4 days after completing the first stage (stage two), 1-3 days before discharge (stage three), and one week after discharge (stage four). During each stage, mothers in the intervention group listened to selected audio files, and subjects in the control group received usual care based on hospital policies. In two stages, mothers were regularly enquired about the readmission rate of neonates via phone calls within 10-15 days after discharge. In addition, length of hospitalization was extracted from the medical records of the infants. IRCT:N201410151954. FINDINGS: In this study, mean of hospitalization in the intervention and control groups was 10.85±5.93 and 13.85±7.65 days, respectively (p=0.03). Moreover, no statistically significant difference was observed in the readmission rate of infants one month after discharge. CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, the empowerment program caused a significant reduction in the length of hospital stay. However, it had no significant effects on the rate of readmission in the studied neonate

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in vulval cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy with technetium 99 (99mTc) and/or blue dye-enhanced lymphoscintigraphy in vulval cancer. Methods: Sensitive searches of databases were performed upto October 2013. Studies with at least 75% of women with FIGO stage IB or II vulval cancer evaluating SLN biopsy with 99mTc, blue dye or both with reference standard of inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy (IFL) or clinical follow-up were included. Meta-analyses were performed using Meta-Disc version 1.4. Results: Of the 2950 references, 29 studies (1779 women) were included; most of them evaluated 99mTc combined with blue dye. Of these, 24 studies reported results for SLN followed by IFL, and 5 reported clinical follow-up only for SLN negatives. Pooling of all studies was inappropriate because of heterogeneity. Mean SLN detection rates were 94.0% for 99mTc, 68.7% for blue dye and 97.7% for both. SLN biopsy had pooled sensitivity of 95% (95% CI 92–98%) with negative predictive value (NPV) of 97.9% in studies using 99mTc/blue dye, ultrastaging and immunohistochemistry with IFL as reference. Pooled sensitivity for SLN with clinical follow-up for SLN-negatives was 91% (85–95%) with NPV 95.6%. Patients undergoing SLN biopsy experienced less morbidity than those undergoing IFL. Conclusions: Sentinel lymph node biopsy using 99mTC, blue dye and ultrastaging with immunohistochemistry is highly accurate when restricted to carefully selected patients, within a rigorous protocol, with close follow-up and where sufficient numbers for learning curve optimisation exist. Patients must make an informed choice between the slightly higher groin recurrence rates of SLN biopsy vs the greater morbidity of IFL